Visual Threat Assessment and Reticulospinal Encoding of Calibrated Responses in Larval Zebrafish.
Visual Threat Assessment and Reticulospinal Encoding of Calibrated Responses in Larval Zebrafish.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2017.08.012
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发表时间：
2017-09-25
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
MacIver MA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bhattacharyya K;McLean DL;MacIver MA
所有视觉动物都必须决定接近的物体是否构成威胁。我们目前对这一过程的理解已经确定了一种基于接近度的机制，当迫在眉睫的刺激超过预期的视角阈值时，就会触发规避动作。然而，一些逃脱策略比其他策略成本更高，因此额外对捕食者接近率所传达的威胁级别进行编码以选择最合适的响应将是有益的。在这里，利用迫在眉睫的视觉刺激的自然率，同时监测逃避行为和多个网状脊髓神经元的招募，我们发现斑马鱼幼虫确实对威胁进行了校准评估。虽然所有鱼类都会在相同的视角下进行规避动作，但较低的接近率会引起较慢、运动学上变化较大的逃避反应，且潜伏期相对较长，以及与转弯有关的腹侧脊柱突出核（vSPN）的单侧募集。相比之下，较高的接近率会在相对较短的潜伏期下引起更快、更具运动学刻板反应，以及鱼类和两栖动物中称为毛特纳细胞的 vSPN 的双边募集和巨型纤维神经元的单侧募集。除了对更大的感知威胁做出更昂贵、更短延迟的毛特纳主动响应的比例更高之外，我们还观察到在更高的接近率下冻结行为的发生率更高。我们的结果提供了一个新的框架，以了解在决定应对视觉感知的威胁时，行为灵活性如何基于快速和慢速运动之间的适当权衡。
All visual animals must decide whether approaching objects are a threat. Our current understanding of this process has identified a proximity-based mechanism where an evasive maneuver is triggered when a looming stimulus passes a subtended visual angle threshold. However, some escape strategies are more costly than others and so it would be beneficial to additionally encode the level of threat conveyed by the predator's approach rate to select the most appropriate response. Here, using naturalistic rates of looming visual stimuli while simultaneously monitoring escape behavior and the recruitment of multiple reticulospinal neurons, we find that larval zebrafish do indeed perform a calibrated assessment of threat. While all fish generate evasive maneuvers at the same subtended visual angle, lower approach rates evoke slower, more kinematically variable escape responses with relatively long latencies as well as the unilateral recruitment of ventral spinal projecting nuclei (vSPNs) implicated in turning. In contrast, higher approach rates evoke faster, more kinematically stereotyped responses with relatively short latencies, as well as bilateral recruitment of vSPNs and unilateral recruitment of giant fiber neurons in fish and amphibians called Mauthner cells. In addition to the higher proportion of more costly, shorter latency Mauthner-active responses to greater perceived threats, we observe a higher incidence of freezing behavior at higher approach rates. Our results provide a new framework to understand how behavioral flexibility is grounded in the appropriate balancing of trade-offs between fast and slow movements when deciding to respond to a visually perceived threat.
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影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Egan, Rupert J.;Bergner, Carisa L.;Hart, Peter C.;Cachat, Jonathan M.;Canavello, Peter R.;Elegante, Marco F.;Elkhayat, Salem I.;Bartels, Brett K.;Tien, Anna K.;Tien, David H.;Mohnot, Sopan;Beeson, Esther;Glasgow, Eric;Amri, Hakima;Zukowska, Zofia;Kalueff, Allan V.
通讯作者：
Kalueff, Allan V.
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1012185108
发表时间：
2011-01-18
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Kinkhabwala, Amina;Riley, Michael;Fetcho, Joseph
通讯作者：
Fetcho, Joseph
影响因子：
1.7
作者：
Bierman, Hilary S.;Zottoli, Steven J.;Hale, Melina E.
通讯作者：
Hale, Melina E.
影响因子：
5.3
作者：
Kohashi, Tsunehiko;Oda, Yoichi
通讯作者：
Oda, Yoichi
DOI：
10.1002/neu.20000
发表时间：
2004-04-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF NEUROBIOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
Gahtan, E;Baier, H
通讯作者：
Baier, H