Asymmetric neurotransmitter release enables rapid odour lateralization in Drosophila.
Asymmetric neurotransmitter release enables rapid odour lateralization in Drosophila.
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作者：
在果蝇中，大多数个体嗅觉受体神经元（ORN）向大脑两侧投射。采用双边预测而不是单边预测可能是一种有用的冗余。然而，双侧ORN投射到大脑的能力也会影响气味的偏侧化。然而，据报道，行走或飞行的果蝇会转向受到更强烈刺激的触角。在这里，我们表明，每个ORN尖峰释放约40%以上的神经递质从轴突分支同侧的索马体，相比，对侧分支。因此，当气味不对称地激活触角时，同侧中枢神经元开始比对侧神经元早几毫秒发出尖峰，同侧中枢神经元也以高30-50%的速率发出。我们发现，一个行走的苍蝇可以检测到5%的不对称总ORN输入到其左右触角叶，并可以转向气味在更短的时间比它需要的苍蝇完成一大步。这些结果表明，神经递质的释放特性可以在输出突触上独立地调节，该输出突触由单个轴突形成到具有相同功能和形态的两个靶细胞上。我们的数据还表明，尖峰时间和尖峰频率的微小差异可以产生可靠的嗅觉行为差异。
In Drosophila, most individual olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) project bilaterally to both sides of the brain. Having bilateral rather than unilateral projections may represent a useful redundancy. However, bilateral ORN projections to the brain should also compromise the ability to lateralize odors. Nevertheless, walking or flying Drosophila reportedly turn toward their more strongly stimulated antenna. Here we show that each ORN spike releases ~40% more neurotransmitter from the axon branch ipsilateral to the soma, as compared to the contralateral branch. As a result, when an odor activates the antennae asymmetrically, ipsilateral central neurons begin to spike a few milliseconds before contralateral neurons, and ipsilateral central neurons also fire at a 30-50% higher rate. We show that a walking fly can detect a 5% asymmetry in total ORN input to its left and right antennal lobes, and can turn toward the odor in less time than it requires the fly to complete a stride. These results demonstrate that neurotransmitter release properties can be tuned independently at output synapses formed by a single axon onto two target cells with identical functions and morphologies. Our data also show that small differences in spike timing and spike rate can produce reliable differences in olfactory behavior.
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.5984-10.2011
发表时间：
2011-05-25
期刊：
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience
影响因子：
--
作者：
Kazama H;Yaksi E;Wilson RI
通讯作者：
Wilson RI
DOI：
10.1007/bf00303068
发表时间：
1967-01-01
期刊：
ZEITSCHRIFT FUR VERGLEICHENDE PHYSIOLOGIE
影响因子：
--
作者：
HANGART.W
通讯作者：
HANGART.W
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Jefferis, GSXE;Marin, EC;Luo, LQ
通讯作者：
Luo, LQ
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Chintapalli VR;Terhzaz S;Wang J;Al Bratty M;Watson DG;Herzyk P;Davies SA;Dow JA
通讯作者：
Dow JA
DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2009.06.022
发表时间：
2009-08-11
期刊：
Current biology : CB
影响因子：
--
作者：
Duistermars BJ;Chow DM;Frye MA
通讯作者：
Frye MA