An Inside Job: Molecular Determinants for Postsynaptic Localization of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors.

An Inside Job: Molecular Determinants for Postsynaptic Localization of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors.
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DOI:
10.3390/molecules26113065
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发表时间:
2021-05-21
期刊:
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Ferns M
Ferns M
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Ferns M

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烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体(NAChRs)在周围神经系统的神经肌肉突触和自主神经节突触上介导快速突触传递。肌肉((α1)2β1γδ)和神经元((α3β4)2β4)烟碱受体在这些突触的突触后定位是通过nAChR胞内结构域和胞浆支架蛋白之间的相互作用而介导的。最近的高分辨结构和功能研究为调节这些相互作用的分子决定因素提供了新的见解。令人惊讶的是,他们揭示了肌肉nAChR结合了1-3个Rapsyn支架分子,这些分子二聚化,从而在受体之间形成了一个相互连接的晶格。此外,Rapsyn在nAChR亚基的细胞质环上结合了两个不同的位点:一个或多个亚基上的MA-螺旋和β亚基特有的基序。后者的结合受集聚蛋白诱导的βY390磷酸化的调节,并增加了Rapsyn/AchR络合物的化学计量比。同样,神经元nAChR可能通过与14-3-3接头蛋白的磷酸化相互作用定位于神经节突触,14-3-3接头蛋白结合每个α3亚单位胞质环中的特定基序。因此,nAChRs的突触后定位是通过调节与多个支架分子的相互作用来调节的,这些复合体的化学计量比可能有助于调节突触上受体的数量、密度和稳定性。
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) mediate fast synaptic transmission at neuromuscular and autonomic ganglionic synapses in the peripheral nervous system. The postsynaptic localization of muscle ((α1)2β1γδ) and neuronal ((α3β4)2β4) nicotinic receptors at these synapses is mediated by interactions between the nAChR intracellular domains and cytoplasmic scaffolding proteins. Recent high resolution structures and functional studies provide new insights into the molecular determinants that mediate these interactions. Surprisingly, they reveal that the muscle nAChR binds 1–3 rapsyn scaffolding molecules, which dimerize and thereby form an interconnected lattice between receptors. Moreover, rapsyn binds two distinct sites on the nAChR subunit cytoplasmic loops; the MA-helix on one or more subunits and a motif specific to the β subunit. Binding at the latter site is regulated by agrin-induced phosphorylation of βY390, and increases the stoichiometry of rapsyn/AChR complexes. Similarly, the neuronal nAChR may be localized at ganglionic synapses by phosphorylation-dependent interactions with 14-3-3 adaptor proteins which bind specific motifs in each of the α3 subunit cytoplasmic loops. Thus, postsynaptic localization of nAChRs is mediated by regulated interactions with multiple scaffolding molecules, and the stoichiometry of these complexes likely helps regulate the number, density, and stability of receptors at the synapse.
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