Differential roles of sleep spindles and sleep slow oscillations in memory consolidation.
Differential roles of sleep spindles and sleep slow oscillations in memory consolidation.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006322
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发表时间：
2018-07
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Bazhenov M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wei Y;Krishnan GP;Komarov M;Bazhenov M
睡眠在巩固近期记忆方面发挥着重要作用。然而，睡眠期间巩固的细胞和突触机制仍然知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们使用丘脑皮质网络的真实计算模型测试了非快速眼动 (NREM) 睡眠在记忆巩固中的作用。我们发现，睡眠纺锤波（N2 阶段睡眠的标志）和慢振荡（N3 阶段睡眠的标志）都促进在清醒状态下学习的尖峰序列的重放，并且重放定位在经过训练的网络位置。经过一段时间的非快速眼动睡眠后，记忆表现有所改善，但在同一时间段的清醒状态下，记忆表现却没有改善。当训练多个记忆时，纺锤体期间尖峰序列重放的局部性质允许独立重放不同的记忆痕迹，而缓慢的振荡促进竞争，从而可以防止在存在较强记忆痕迹的情况下重放较弱的记忆。这可能会导致弱记忆消失，除非睡眠纺锤波（N2 睡眠）先于慢振荡（N3 睡眠），如在自然睡眠周期中观察到的那样。我们的研究对睡眠节律在记忆巩固中的作用提出了机械解释，并提出了一个可检验的假设，即睡眠阶段的自然结构如何为巩固记忆提供最佳环境。我们一生有三分之一的时间都在睡觉。在睡眠期间，人类和动物的大脑与外部感觉输入脱钩，然而，大脑活动仍然很高，并且在不同的睡眠阶段会有所不同。人们认为，睡眠的重要功能之一是巩固最近的记忆，将其组织起来以供长期存储。在睡眠过程中观察到两种主要的睡眠节律——纺锤波（第二阶段）和慢振荡（第三阶段）——研究报告了这些节律在睡眠相关记忆巩固中的重要性。然而，人们对这些节律如何促进记忆巩固的具体机制知之甚少。我们的新研究预测，睡眠重放（神经细胞放电的重复序列，被认为是记忆巩固的神经元基质）是在与这些睡眠节律相关的同步细胞放电模式中组织的。我们发现，对于多个干扰记忆，睡眠慢振荡优先只巩固较强的记忆痕迹，可能导致较弱的记忆消失。相比之下，睡眠纺锤波可以缓慢但可靠地独立整合多个竞争记忆。我们的研究预测了自然睡眠的基本结构（第二阶段先于第三阶段）如何为巩固多种记忆提供最佳环境。
Sleep plays an important role in the consolidation of recent memories. However, the cellular and synaptic mechanisms of consolidation during sleep remain poorly understood. In this study, using a realistic computational model of the thalamocortical network, we tested the role of Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) sleep in memory consolidation. We found that sleep spindles (the hallmark of N2 stage sleep) and slow oscillations (the hallmark of N3 stage sleep) both promote replay of the spike sequences learned in the awake state and replay was localized at the trained network locations. Memory performance improved after a period of NREM sleep but not after the same time period in awake. When multiple memories were trained, the local nature of the spike sequence replay during spindles allowed replay of the distinct memory traces independently, while slow oscillations promoted competition that could prevent replay of the weak memories in a presence of the stronger memory traces. This could lead to extinction of the weak memories unless when sleep spindles (N2 sleep) preceded slow oscillations (N3 sleep), as observed during the natural sleep cycle. Our study presents a mechanistic explanation for the role of sleep rhythms in memory consolidation and proposes a testable hypothesis how the natural structure of sleep stages provides an optimal environment to consolidate memories. We spend a third of our lives sleeping. During sleep, human and animal brains are decoupled from the external sensory input, however, brain activity remains high and varies across sleep stages. It is believed that one of the important sleep functions is the consolidation of recent memories to organize them for long-term storage. Two major sleep rhythms are observed during sleep–spindles (during stage 2) and slow oscillations (during stage 3)–and studies reported the importance of these rhythms in sleep-related memory consolidation. Nevertheless, the specific mechanisms of how these rhythms contribute to memory consolidation are poorly understood. Our new study predicts that sleep replay—repeatable sequences of neural cell firing, which are believed to be the neuronal substrate of memory consolidation—is organized within the patterns of the synchronous cell firing associated with these sleep rhythms. We found that for multiple interfering memories, sleep slow oscillations preferentially consolidate only the stronger memory traces, possibly leading to the weak memories extinction. In contrast, sleep spindles allow a slow but reliable consolidation of the multiple competing memories independently. Our study predicts how the basic structure of the natural sleep (where stage 2 precedes stage 3) provides an optimal environment for consolidation of multiple memories.
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影响因子：
5.3
作者：
Brown, Rachel M.;Robertson, Edwin M.
通讯作者：
Robertson, Edwin M.
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Fogel, Stuart M.;Smith, Carlyle T.
通讯作者：
Smith, Carlyle T.
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Destexhe, A;Bal, T;Sejnowski, TJ
通讯作者：
Sejnowski, TJ
影响因子：
25
作者：
Ji, Daoyun;Wilson, Matthew A.
通讯作者：
Wilson, Matthew A.
DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.2604-11.2011
发表时间：
2011-12-07
期刊：
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience
影响因子：
--
作者：
Andrillon T;Nir Y;Staba RJ;Ferrarelli F;Cirelli C;Tononi G;Fried I
通讯作者：
Fried I