Influence of agronomic and climatic factors on Fusarium infestation and mycotoxin contamination of cereals in Norway.
Influence of agronomic and climatic factors on Fusarium infestation and mycotoxin contamination of cereals in Norway.
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农艺和气候因素对挪威谷物镰刀菌侵染和霉菌毒素污染的影响。
DOI：
10.1080/19440049.2012.672476
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kristoffersen AB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bernhoft A;Torp M;Clasen PE;Løes AK;Kristoffersen AB
2002-2004年，挪威在谷物收获时总共收集了602个有机和传统种植的大麦、燕麦和小麦样本。有机和传统的样品是可比对谷物品种，生长地点和收获时间，并进行了镰刀菌霉菌和真菌毒素分析。农艺和气候因素解释了镰刀菌属物种和真菌毒素变异的10-30%。有机谷物中镰刀菌感染和重要真菌毒素的浓度显着降低。真菌毒素脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）和HT-2毒素（HT-2）构成挪威谷物中人类和动物健康的主要风险。研究了各种农艺和气候因素对DON和HT-2及其主要产生菌F. graminearum和F.用多元统计方法检验了对镰刀菌的影响。与非谷物作物轮作被发现，以减少所有调查的特点显着-霉菌毒素浓度以及各种镰刀菌感染。没有使用矿物肥料和除草剂也被发现减少F。graminearum，而提出的领域增加了本物种的发生。没有使用除草剂也被发现减少F。langsethiae，但本种的发生率较低，在提出的领域。总镰刀菌感染减少，不使用杀菌剂或矿物肥料，作物轮作，以及通过使用除草剂和增加了提出的领域。粘土和粉土在一定程度上似乎减少了F。graminearum与桑迪土壤比较。在气候因素方面，收获前低温会增加DON，而收获前高湿度会增加HT-2。F.禾谷早熟禾产量与7月降水量呈负相关，与收获前空气湿度呈负相关。F.七月的温度与兰瑟氏菌的生长有一定的相关性。总镰刀菌在7月随着降水量的增加而增加。有机谷物农民的谷物密集轮伐比传统农民少。此外，有机农民不使用矿物肥料或杀虫剂（杀真菌剂，除草剂或杀虫剂），并且土地倒伏的问题较少。研究表明，这些农艺因素与镰刀菌属物种的侵扰和真菌毒素的浓度有关。因此，可以合理地得出结论，农业系统（有机与传统）影响镰刀菌感染，有机管理往往会减少镰刀菌和真菌毒素。然而，镰刀菌感染和真菌毒素浓度可能会受到一系列因素的影响，这里没有研究，如当地地形和更多的当地气候，以及谷物品种和品种。
A total of 602 samples of organically and conventionally grown barley, oats and wheat was collected at grain harvest during 2002–2004 in Norway. Organic and conventional samples were comparable pairs regarding cereal species, growing site and harvest time, and were analysed for Fusarium mould and mycotoxins. Agronomic and climatic factors explained 10–30% of the variation in Fusarium species and mycotoxins. Significantly lower Fusarium infestation and concentrations of important mycotoxins were found in the organic cereals. The mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and HT-2 toxin (HT-2) constitute the main risk for human and animal health in Norwegian cereals. The impacts of various agronomic and climatic factors on DON and HT-2 as well as on their main producers F. graminearum and F. langsethiae and on total Fusarium were tested by multivariate statistics. Crop rotation with non-cereals was found to reduce all investigated characteristics significantly – mycotoxin concentrations as well as various Fusarium infestations. No use of mineral fertilisers and herbicides was also found to decrease F. graminearum, whereas lodged fields increased the occurrence of this species. No use of herbicides was also found to decrease F. langsethiae, but for this species the occurrence was lower in lodged fields. Total Fusarium infestation was decreased with no use of fungicides or mineral fertilisers, and with crop rotation, as well as by using herbicides and increased by lodged fields. Clay and to some extent silty soils seemed to reduce F. graminearum in comparison with sandy soils. Concerning climate factors, low temperature before grain harvest was found to increase DON; and high air humidity before harvest to increase HT-2. F. graminearum was negatively correlated with precipitation in July but correlated with air humidity before harvest. F. langsethiae was correlated with temperature in July. Total Fusarium increased with increasing precipitation in July. Organic cereal farmers have fewer cereal intense rotations than conventional farmers. Further, organic farmers do not apply mineral fertiliser or pesticides (fungicides, herbicides or insecticides), and have less problem with lodged fields. The study showed that these agronomic factors were related to the infestation of Fusarium species and the concentration of mycotoxins. Hence, it is reasonable to conclude that farming system (organic versus conventional) impacts Fusarium infestation, and that organic management tends to reduce Fusarium and mycotoxins. However, Fusarium infestation and mycotoxin concentrations may be influenced by a range of factors not studied here, such as local topography and more local climate, as well as cereal species and variety.
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谷物中的毛thothecenes。
影响因子：
5.6
作者：
Foroud NA;Eudes F
通讯作者：
Eudes F
影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Huang, Y;Wong, PTW
通讯作者：
Wong, PTW
DOI：
10.1080/07060668909501133
发表时间：
1989-06-01
期刊：
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PHYTOPATHOLOGIE
影响因子：
--
作者：
ALTMAN, J;ROVIRA, AD
通讯作者：
ROVIRA, AD
影响因子：
1.5
作者：
Henriksen, B;Elen, O
通讯作者：
Elen, O
DOI：
10.1533/9781845693411.3.353
发表时间：
2007-01-01
期刊：
HANDBOOK OF ORGANIC FOOD SAFETY AND QUALITY
影响因子：
--
作者：
Koepke, Ulrich;Thiel, Barbara;Elmholt, Susanne
通讯作者：
Elmholt, Susanne