Chronic cocaine causes age-dependent increases in risky choice in both males and females.
Chronic cocaine causes age-dependent increases in risky choice in both males and females.
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DOI：
10.1037/bne0000509
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发表时间：
2022-06
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Orsini, Caitlin A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Blaes, Shelby L.;Shimp, Kristy G.;Betzhold, Sara M.;Setlow, Barry;Orsini, Caitlin A.
使用可卡因的人表现出适应不良的决策，过度重视奖励和低估潜在风险。我们之前曾表明，年轻成年雄性大鼠长期自我给予可卡因会导致风险行为长期增加。目前的研究扩展了这些发现，以确定可卡因对冒险的影响是否取决于可卡因给药的途径，并扩展到女性。为了解决前一个问题，在实验1中的大鼠进行了训练的“风险决策任务”（RDT），被动给予可卡因，并重新测试的RDT。令人惊讶的是，被动可卡因对冒险行为没有影响。实验2确定可卡因自我管理是否增加风险，在女性中的方式与男性相当。男性和女性在RDT中接受培训，接受可卡因自我管理，并在RDT中重新测试。出乎意料的是，可卡因自我管理没有影响风险承担在任何性别。由于实验1和2涉及可卡因暴露在一个相当大的年龄比以前的工作，实验3和4确定是否可卡因对风险承担的影响取决于暴露的年龄。大鼠在出生后（PN）第77天开始可卡因自我给药（实验3）或在PN第63天开始被动注射可卡因（实验4），并在可卡因停止后三周在RDT中进行测试。在这些实验中，可卡因增加了男女的冒险行为。这些结果表明，在年轻的成年期，慢性可卡因对冒险行为的影响是有限的。
Individuals who use cocaine exhibit maladaptive decision making, overweighting rewards and underweighting potential risks. We previously showed that chronic cocaine self-administration in young adult male rats causes long-lasting increases in risk taking. The current study expanded upon these findings to determine whether effects of cocaine on risk taking depend on the route of cocaine administration and extend to females. To address the former question, rats in Experiment 1 were trained on the “Risky Decision-making Task” (RDT), received passively administered cocaine, and were re-tested in the RDT. Surprisingly, passive cocaine had no effect on risk taking. Experiment 2 determined whether cocaine self-administration increases risk taking in females in a manner comparable to males. Males and females were trained in the RDT, underwent cocaine self-administration, and were re-tested in the RDT. Unexpectedly, cocaine self-administration had no effect on risk taking in either sex. Because Experiments 1 and 2 involved cocaine exposure at a considerably older age than in previous work, Experiments 3 and 4 determined if cocaine effects on risk taking depend on the age of exposure. Rats began cocaine self-administration at postnatal (PN) day 77 (Experiment 3) or passive cocaine injections starting on PN day 63 (Experiment 4) and were tested in the RDT three weeks after cocaine cessation. In these experiments, cocaine increased risk taking in both sexes. These results reveal a limited time window during young adulthood of vulnerability to the effects of chronic cocaine on risk taking.
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