Exploring the Role of Gut Bacteria in Health and Disease in Preterm Neonates.
Exploring the Role of Gut Bacteria in Health and Disease in Preterm Neonates.
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DOI：
10.3390/ijerph17196963
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发表时间：
2020-09-23
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Lee LH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lee JK;Hern Tan LT;Ramadas A;Ab Mutalib NS;Lee LH
出生体重<1500 g的极早产儿死亡率高达15%。出院前的幸存者严重发病率很高，包括坏死性小肠结肠炎（NEC）、早发性新生儿败血症（EONS）和迟发性新生儿败血症（隆恩）。超过25%的早产与微生物侵入羊膜腔有关。早产儿肠道微生物组随后在实现细菌成熟之前经历早期破坏。据推测，在极早产儿中，出生时肠道细菌定植和出生后肠道菌群失调先于NEC和隆恩的发展。事实上，由于母亲绒毛膜炎、胎龄、分娩方式、喂养方式、抗生素暴露和新生儿重症监护室（NICU）的环境因素，早产儿的细菌定植模式与足月儿有很大差异。本文就早产儿胎粪和粪便中肠道菌群的研究进展作一综述。超过50%的早产儿胎粪含有细菌，并且该比例随着胎龄的降低而增加。研究人员发现，有隆恩和NEC风险的早产儿肠道细菌多样性减少。然而，肠道菌群失调和NEC之间的关联在相对细菌丰度和样本间β多样性指数方面尚无定论。大多数研究表明，变形菌门和厚壁菌门的破坏先于NEC。因此，本综述阐明了出生时肠道细菌单独或与出生后肠道菌群失调是否与极早产儿隆恩和NEC的死亡率和发病率相关。
The mortality rate of very preterm infants with birth weight <1500 g is as high as 15%. The survivors till discharge have a high incidence of significant morbidity, which includes necrotising enterocolitis (NEC), early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) and late-onset neonatal sepsis (LONS). More than 25% of preterm births are associated with microbial invasion of amniotic cavity. The preterm gut microbiome subsequently undergoes an early disruption before achieving bacterial maturation. It is postulated that bacterial gut colonisation at birth and postnatal intestinal dysbacteriosis precede the development of NEC and LONS in very preterm infants. In fact, bacterial colonization patterns in preterm infants greatly differ from term infants due to maternal chorioamnionitis, gestational age, delivery method, feeding type, antibiotic exposure and the environment factor in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). In this regard, this review provides an overview on the gut bacteria in preterm neonates’ meconium and stool. More than 50% of preterm meconium contains bacteria and the proportion increases with lower gestational age. Researchers revealed that the gut bacterial diversity is reduced in preterm infants at risk for LONS and NEC. Nevertheless, the association between gut dysbacteriosis and NEC is inconclusive with regards to relative bacteria abundance and between-sample beta diversity indices. With most studies show a disruption of the Proteobacteria and Firmicutes preceding the NEC. Hence, this review sheds light on whether gut bacteria at birth either alone or in combination with postnatal gut dysbacteriosis are associated with mortality and the morbidity of LONS and NEC in very preterm infants.
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影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Dammann, Olaf;Brinkhaus, Maria-Jantje;Darnmann, Christiane E. L.
通讯作者：
Darnmann, Christiane E. L.
影响因子：
12.2
作者：
Drell, Tiina;Lutsar, Irja;Sepp, Epp
通讯作者：
Sepp, Epp
影响因子：
17.1
作者：
Aagaard K;Ma J;Antony KM;Ganu R;Petrosino J;Versalovic J
通讯作者：
Versalovic J
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
Dardas, Majd;Gill, Steven R.;Guillet, Ronnie
通讯作者：
Guillet, Ronnie
影响因子：
6.4
作者：
Costello EK;Carlisle EM;Bik EM;Morowitz MJ;Relman DA
通讯作者：
Relman DA