Wavelength-dependent degradation of ochratoxin and citrinin by light in vitro and in vivo and its implications on Penicillium.
Wavelength-dependent degradation of ochratoxin and citrinin by light in vitro and in vivo and its implications on Penicillium.
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DOI：
10.3390/toxins4121535
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发表时间：
2012-12-14
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Geisen R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schmidt-Heydt M;Cramer B;Graf I;Lerch S;Humpf HU;Geisen R
以前已经表明青霉菌属的真菌毒素赭曲霉毒素A和B以及桔霉素的生物合成受光调节。然而，不仅这些真菌毒素的生物合成，而且分子本身也会受到某些波长的光的强烈影响。470和455 nm的白色光和蓝光在暴露一定时间后尤其能够降解赭曲霉毒素A、赭曲霉毒素B和桔霉素。在用红光（627 nm）、黄光（590 nm）或绿色（530 nm）光或在黑暗中对次级代谢物进行相同处理后，在此期间几乎没有发生降解，表明蓝光是光谱的负责部分。赭曲霉毒素的两种衍生物（A和B）被降解为确定的降解产物，其特征在于HPLC-FLD-FTMS。赭曲霉毒素A和B的降解产物不再含有苯丙氨酸，但赭曲霉毒素A的降解产物仍然是氯化的。桔霉素被蓝光完全降解。用TLC检测后，荧光带不再可见，表明桔霉素具有更高的灵敏度和明显更大的能量吸收。特别是蓝光降解三种次级代谢物的事实显然归因于代谢物的吸收光谱，其都在短波长范围内具有最佳值。桔霉素的吸收范围特别宽，包括蓝光的波长。在小麦中，其被疣状青霉的赭曲霉毒素A产生培养物污染并在真菌预孵育后用蓝光处理，与对照相比，预先形成的赭曲霉毒素A的浓度降低了大约50%，与在黑暗中进一步孵育的样品相比，差异> 90%。这表明光降解效应也在体内发挥，例如，在食物表面。光不稳定的毒素的生物后果进行了讨论。
It has previously been shown that the biosynthesis of the mycotoxins ochratoxin A and B and of citrinin by Penicillium is regulated by light. However, not only the biosynthesis of these mycotoxins, but also the molecules themselves are strongly affected by light of certain wavelengths. The white light and blue light of 470 and 455 nm are especially able to degrade ochratoxin A, ochratoxin B and citrinin after exposure for a certain time. After the same treatment of the secondary metabolites with red (627 nm), yellow (590 nm) or green (530 nm) light or in the dark, almost no degradation occurred during that time indicating the blue light as the responsible part of the spectrum. The two derivatives of ochratoxin (A and B) are degraded to certain definitive degradation products which were characterized by HPLC-FLD-FTMS. The degradation products of ochratoxin A and B did no longer contain phenylalanine however were still chlorinated in the case of ochratoxin A. Citrinin is completely degraded by blue light. A fluorescent band was no longer visible after detection by TLC suggesting a higher sensitivity and apparently greater absorbance of energy by citrinin. The fact that especially blue light degrades the three secondary metabolites is apparently attributed to the absorption spectra of the metabolites which all have an optimum in the short wave length range. The absorption range of citrinin is, in particular, broader and includes the wave length of blue light. In wheat, which was contaminated with an ochratoxin A producing culture of Penicillium verrucosum and treated with blue light after a pre-incubation by the fungus, the concentration of the preformed ochratoxin A reduced by roughly 50% compared to the control and differed by > 90% compared to the sample incubated further in the dark. This indicates that the light degrading effect is also exerted in vivo, e.g., on food surfaces. The biological consequences of the light instability of the toxins are discussed.
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影响因子：
1.6
作者：
Miyazaki, Y;Yamasaki, M;Yamada, K
通讯作者：
Yamada, K
影响因子：
3
作者：
Schmidt-Heydt, Markus;Bode, Heiko;Geisen, Rolf
通讯作者：
Geisen, Rolf
影响因子：
6.1
作者：
Cramer, Benedikt;Koenigs, Maika;Humpf, Hans-Ulrich
通讯作者：
Humpf, Hans-Ulrich
DOI：
10.1002/nt.2620020307
发表时间：
1994-01-01
期刊：
Natural Toxins
影响因子：
--
作者：
Braunberg, Robert C.;Barton, Curtis N.;Friedman, Leonard
通讯作者：
Friedman, Leonard
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Castella, G;Larsen, TO;Geisen, R
通讯作者：
Geisen, R