Generation of cell polarity in plants links endocytosis, auxin distribution and cell fate decisions.
Generation of cell polarity in plants links endocytosis, auxin distribution and cell fate decisions.
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DOI：
10.1038/nature07409
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发表时间：
2008-12-18
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Friml, Jiri
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dhonukshe, Pankaj;Tanaka, Hirokazu;Goh, Tatsuaki;Ebine, Kazuo;Mahonen, Ari Pekka;Prasad, Kalika;Blilou, Ikram;Geldner, Niko;Xu, Jian;Uemura, Tomohiro;Chory, Joanne;Ueda, Takashi;Nakano, Akihiko;Scheres, Ben;Friml, Jiri
动态极化的膜蛋白定义不同的细胞边界，并在细胞间通讯中发挥重要作用，这是多细胞发育的重要特征。来自PIN家族的信号分子生长素的外排载体是植物细胞极性的标志，并且在生长素分布依赖性发育（包括胚胎图案形成、器官发生和向性）中具有重要参与。PIN极性定位决定了细胞间生长素流动的方向，但产生PIN极性的机制仍不清楚。在这里，我们确定了一个内吞依赖的PIN极性产生机制，并分析其发展的影响。实时PIN追踪显示，合成后，PIN最初以非极性方式递送至质膜，并且其极性通过随后的内吞再循环建立。通过生长素或通过操纵拟南芥Rab5 GTd3途径干扰PIN内吞作用防止PIN极化。PIN极化的失败瞬时改变了胚胎发生过程中生长素的不对称分布，并增加了顶端胚胎区域的局部生长素反应。这导致在胚叶中异位表达生长素途径相关的根形成主调节因子，并促进叶向根的同源异型转化。我们的研究结果表明，一个两步的机制产生的PIN极性定位和内吞作用在这个过程中的重要作用。它还强调了内吞作用依赖的单个细胞的极性和生长素分布依赖的多细胞模式的细胞命运建立之间的联系。
Dynamically polarized membrane proteins define different cell boundaries and have an important role in intercellular communication—a vital feature of multicellular development. Efflux carriers for the signalling molecule auxin from the PIN family are landmarks of cell polarity in plants and have a crucial involvement in auxin distribution-dependent development including embryo patterning, organogenesis and tropisms. Polar PIN localization determines the direction of intercellular auxin flow, yet the mechanisms generating PIN polarity remain unclear. Here we identify an endocytosis-dependent mechanism of PIN polarity generation and analyse its developmental implications. Real-time PIN tracking showed that after synthesis, PINs are initially delivered to the plasma membrane in a non-polar manner and their polarity is established by subsequent endocytic recycling. Interference with PIN endocytosis either by auxin or by manipulation of the Arabidopsis Rab5 GTPase pathway prevents PIN polarization. Failure of PIN polarization transiently alters asymmetric auxin distribution during embryogenesis and increases the local auxin response in apical embryo regions. This results in ectopic expression of auxin pathway-associated root-forming master regulators in embryonic leaves and promotes homeotic transformation of leaves to roots. Our results indicate a two-step mechanism for the generation of PIN polar localization and the essential role of endocytosis in this process. It also highlights the link between endocytosis-dependent polarity of individual cells and auxin distribution-dependent cell fate establishment for multicellular patterning.
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