Review of WADA Prohibited Substances: Limited Evidence for Performance-Enhancing Effects.
Review of WADA Prohibited Substances: Limited Evidence for Performance-Enhancing Effects.
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DOI：
10.1007/s40279-018-1014-1
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发表时间：
2019-04
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Cohen AF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Heuberger JAAC;Cohen AF
世界反兴奋剂机构负责维护一份禁用清单，其中描述了运动员禁止使用的物质和方法。该清单目前包含23个物质类别，该清单存在的一个重要原因是防止由于药物增强性能而导致的不公平竞争。本综述的目的是对这些物质类别的性能增强的现有证据进行概述。我们通过PubMed检索科学文献，寻找评估药物类别对表现影响的研究和评论。双盲、随机对照试验的结果，如果在训练有素的受试者中进行，测量相关的表现结果，则被认为是效果（不存在）的证据。在23类物质中，只有5类物质显示出能够提高实际运动成绩的证据，即合成代谢剂、β2激动剂、兴奋剂、糖皮质激素和β受体阻滞剂。另一个类别，生长激素，也有类似的证据，但只是在未经训练的受试者中。观察到的效果都与力量或冲刺表现有关（以及β受体阻滞剂的准确性）；没有研究表明它对耐力表现的可靠指标有积极作用。对于11个班级，没有设计良好的研究，而对于剩下的6个班级，有证据表明缺乏积极的影响。总之，对于大多数物质类别，没有令人信服的证据可以提高成绩，而对于其余类别，证据是基于11项研究的266名受试者。
The World Anti-Doping Agency is responsible for maintaining a Prohibited List that describes the use of substances and methods that are prohibited for athletes. The list currently contains 23 substance classes, and an important reason for the existence of this list is to prevent unfair competition due to pharmacologically enhanced performance. The aim of this review was to give an overview of the available evidence for performance enhancement of these substance classes. We searched the scientific literature through PubMed for studies and reviews evaluating the effects of substance classes on performance. Findings from double-blind, randomized controlled trials were considered as evidence for (the absence of) effects if they were performed in trained subjects measuring relevant performance outcomes. Only 5 of 23 substance classes show evidence of having the ability to enhance actual sports performance, i.e. anabolic agents, β2-agonists, stimulants, glucocorticoids and β-blockers. One additional class, growth hormone, has similar evidence but only in untrained subjects. The observed effects all relate to strength or sprint performance (and accuracy for β-blockers); there are no studies showing positive effects on reliable markers of endurance performance. For 11 classes, no well-designed studies are available, and, for the remaining six classes, there is evidence of an absence of a positive effect. In conclusion, for the majority of substance classes, no convincing evidence for performance enhancement is available, while, for the remaining classes, the evidence is based on a total of only 266 subjects from 11 studies.
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影响因子：
8.6
作者：
Boesch, Sylvia;Nachbauer, Wolfgang;Manicom, Karen
通讯作者：
Manicom, Karen
DOI：
10.1097/00005768-200108000-00024
发表时间：
2001-08-01
期刊：
MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE
影响因子：
--
作者：
Bell, DG;Jacobs, I;Ellerington, K
通讯作者：
Ellerington, K
DOI：
10.1249/mss.0b013e3180dc992c
发表时间：
2007-09-01
期刊：
MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE
影响因子：
--
作者：
Arlettaz, Alexandre;Portier, Hugues;Collomp, Katia
通讯作者：
Collomp, Katia
影响因子：
3
作者：
Baume, Norbert;Schumacher, Yorck Olaf;Saugy, Martial
通讯作者：
Saugy, Martial
影响因子：
4.1
作者：
ARMSTRONG, LE;COSTILL, DL;FINK, WJ
通讯作者：
FINK, WJ