A treatment for and vaccine against the deadly Hendra and Nipah viruses.
A treatment for and vaccine against the deadly Hendra and Nipah viruses.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.06.012
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发表时间：
2013-10
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Wang, Lin-Fa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Broder, Christopher C.;Xu, Kai;Nikolov, Dimitar B.;Zhu, Zhongyu;Dimitrov, Dimiter S.;Middleton, Deborah;Pallister, Jackie;Geisbert, Thomas W.;Bossart, Katharine N.;Wang, Lin-Fa
亨德拉病毒和尼帕病毒是蝙蝠传播的副粘病毒，是亨尼帕病毒属的原型成员。亨尼帕病毒出现于20世纪90年代，从它们的天然宿主蝙蝠中传播出去，在人类和牲畜中引发了严重的疾病爆发。亨德拉病毒在澳大利亚出现，自1994年以来已有7人感染，其中4人死亡。尼帕病毒首先出现在马来西亚，随后在孟加拉国和印度发生了疫情。据估计，总共发生了582例尼帕病毒人间病例，其中54%死亡。它们广泛的物种倾向和在人类和动物中引起致命的呼吸和/或神经系统疾病的能力使它们成为重要的跨界生物威胁。最近的动物实验结果表明，针对病毒G糖蛋白的人单克隆抗体是对抗亨德拉病毒和尼帕病毒感染的有效暴露后治疗方法。此外，基于亨德拉病毒G糖蛋白的亚单位疫苗可对亨德拉病毒和尼帕病毒的攻击提供保护。该疫苗已开发用于澳大利亚的马，是首个获得许可并商业化部署的针对生物安全4级（BSL-4）制剂的疫苗。总之，这些进展为解决牲畜和人感染亨德拉病毒和尼帕病毒提供了可行的方法。
Hendra virus and Nipah virus are bat-borne paramyxoviruses that are the prototypic members of the genus Henipavirus. The henipaviruses emerged in the 1990s, spilling over from their natural bat hosts and causing serious disease outbreaks in humans and livestock. Hendra virus emerged in Australia and since 1994 there have been 7 human infections with 4 case fatalities. Nipah virus first appeared in Malaysia and subsequent outbreaks have occurred in Bangladesh and India. In total, there have been an estimated 582 human cases of Nipah virus and of these, 54% were fatal. Their broad species tropism and ability to cause fatal respiratory and/or neurologic disease in humans and animals make them important transboundary biological threats. Recent experimental findings in animals have demonstrated that a human monoclonal antibody targeting the viral G glycoprotein is an effective post-exposure treatment against Hendra and Nipah virus infection. In addition, a subunit vaccine based on the G glycoprotein of Hendra virus affords protection against Hendra and Nipah virus challenge. The vaccine has been developed for use in horses in Australia and is the first vaccine against a Biosafety Level-4 (BSL-4) agent to be licensed and commercially deployed. Together, these advances offer viable approaches to address Hendra and Nipah virus infection of livestock and people.
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