Single-molecule detection of folding and unfolding of the G-quadruplex aptamer in a nanopore nanocavity.

Single-molecule detection of folding and unfolding of the G-quadruplex aptamer in a nanopore nanocavity.
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DOI:
10.1093/nar/gkn968
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发表时间:
2009-02
影响因子:
14.9
通讯作者:
Gu LQ
Gu LQ
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Shim JW;Tan Q;Gu LQ

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富含鸟嘌呤的核酸能够形成G - 四链体,其在基因调控、生物传感器设计以及纳米结构构建中具有重要作用。在本文中,我们报道了一种纳米孔包裹单分子方法的开发,用于探究阳离子如何调控由凝血酶结合适配体(TBA,GGTTGGTGTGGTTGG)形成的G - 四链体的折叠与解折叠。纳米孔中的特征信号表明G - 四链体的形成具有阳离子选择性。选择性顺序为K⁺ > NH₄⁺ ∼ Ba²⁺ > Cs⁺ ∼ Na⁺ > Li⁺,并且在Mg²⁺和Ca²⁺中未检测到G - 四链体。Ba²⁺能够与TBA形成一种长寿命的G - 四链体。然而,这种能力受阳离子 - DNA相互作用的影响。G - 四链体的阳离子选择性形成与G - 四链体的体积相关,该体积随阳离子种类而变化。K⁺诱导的G - 四链体的高形成能力在很大程度上归因于缓慢的解折叠反应。尽管Na⁺ - 和Li⁺ - 四链体具有相似的平衡特性,但它们经历的途径截然不同。Na⁺ - 四链体的折叠和解折叠速度最快,而Li⁺ - 四链体在这两种反应中的速率都是最慢的。了解这些寡核苷酸的离子调控特性有助于构建精细调节的生物传感器和纳米结构。本工作中的方法可用于研究其他四链体以及蛋白质 - 适配体相互作用。
Guanine-rich nucleic acids can form G-quadruplexes that are important in gene regulation, biosensor design and nano-structure construction. In this article, we report on the development of a nanopore encapsulating single-molecule method for exploring how cations regulate the folding and unfolding of the G-quadruplex formed by the thrombin-binding aptamer (TBA, GGTTGGTGTGGTTGG). The signature blocks in the nanopore revealed that the G-quadruplex formation is cation-selective. The selectivity sequence is K+ > NH4+ ∼ Ba2+ > Cs+ ∼ Na+ > Li+, and G-quadruplex was not detected in Mg2+ and Ca2+. Ba2+ can form a long-lived G-quadruplex with TBA. However, the capability is affected by the cation–DNA interaction. The cation-selective formation of the G-quadruplex is correlated with the G-quadruplex volume, which varies with cation species. The high formation capability of the K+-induced G-quadruplex is contributed largely by the slow unfolding reaction. Although the Na+- and Li+-quadruplexes feature similar equilibrium properties, they undergo radically different pathways. The Na+-quadruplex folds and unfolds most rapidly, while the Li+-quadruplex performs both reactions at the slowest rates. Understanding these ion-regulated properties of oligonucleotides is beneficial for constructing fine-tuned biosensors and nano-structures. The methodology in this work can be used for studying other quadruplexes and protein–aptamer interactions.
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