Activities of human genioglossus motor units.
Activities of human genioglossus motor units.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.resp.2011.04.018
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发表时间：
2011-10-15
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Bailey, E. Fiona
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bailey, E. Fiona
上气道肌肉在调节气道腔和提高咽部面对吸气过程中产生的负压腔内压力时保持通畅的能力方面发挥着重要作用。由于上呼吸道肌肉记录存在相当大的技术挑战，因此在人类受试者中进行的大部分实验工作都集中在记录外在舌头突出肌（GG）的呼吸相关活动上。 GG 是控制人类舌头的八块肌肉之一。所有八块肌肉均受舌下神经（颅神经 XII）支配，其细胞体位于尾髓质的舌下运动核（HMN）中。许多早期关于 XII 运动神经元呼吸相关活动的研究都是基于从整个 XII 神经或整个肌肉 GG EMG 记录中解剖的单个运动轴突获得的记录。直到 2006 年，有关呼吸相关 GG 运动单位活动的详细信息仍然缺乏。本文探讨了过去十年在人类受试者中进行的研究的主要发现。在适当的情况下，将这些结果与在非人类哺乳动物中进行的体外和体内研究获得的结果进行比较。撰写该评论的目的是促进有关未来研究方向的一些讨论和一些新想法。该材料围绕四个主题：a) 运动单位类型，b) 速率编码和募集，c) 运动单位活动模式，以及 d) 基于隔室的咽部气道控制视图。
Upper airway muscles play an important role in regulating airway lumen and in increasing the ability of the pharynx to remain patent in the face of subatmospheric intraluminal pressures produced during inspiration. Due to the considerable technical challenges associated with recording from muscles of the upper airway, much of the experimental work conducted in human subjects has centered on recording respiratory-related activities of the extrinsic tongue protudor muscle, the genioglossus (GG). The GG is one of eight muscles that invest the human tongue. All eight muscles are innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (cranial nerve XII) the cell bodies of which are located in the hypoglossal motor nucleus (HMN) of the caudal medulla. Much of the earlier work on the respiratory-related activity of XII motoneurons was based on recordings obtained from single motor axons dissected from the whole XII nerve or from whole muscle GG EMG recordings. Detailed information regarding respiratory-related GG motor unit activities was lacking until as recently as 2006. This paper examines key findings that have emerged from the last decade of work conducted in human subjects. Wherever appropriate, these results are compared with results obtained from in vitro and in vivo studies conducted in non-human mammals. The review is written with the objective of facilitating some discussion and some new thoughts regarding future research directions. The material is framed around four topics: a) Motor unit type, b) Rate coding and recruitment, c) Motor unit activity patterns, and d) A compartment based view of pharyngeal airway control.
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