Biomarkers and the Role of α-Synuclein in Parkinson's Disease.
Biomarkers and the Role of α-Synuclein in Parkinson's Disease.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnagi.2021.645996
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Zhang J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Du T;Wang L;Liu W;Zhu G;Chen Y;Zhang J
帕金森病（Parkinson's disease，PD）是一种进行性神经退行性疾病，其特征是在黑质（substantia nigra，SN）丘脑腹侧部（pars reticulta，SNpc）存在富含α-突触核蛋白（α-synuclein，α-Syn）的路易体（Lewy bodies，LB）和多巴胺能（dopaminergic，DA）神经元的优先丢失。然而，其他中枢神经系统（CNS）结构和外周组织的广泛参与，现在被广泛记录。PD的分子和细胞神经病理学的发作可能发生在PD特征性运动症状发作之前几十年，因此早期诊断PD和充分跟踪疾病进展可以显著改善患者的结局。由于PD的临床诊断具有挑战性，误诊是常见的，这突出了对疾病特异性和早期生物标志物的需求。本文旨在总结诊断PD的有用生物标志物，以及用于监测疾病进展的生物标志物。这篇综述文章描述了α-Syn在PD中的作用，以及它如何可能用作PD的生物标志物。此外，临床前和临床研究，包括遗传学，免疫学，液体和组织，成像，以及神经生理学生物标志物进行了讨论。了解用于临床前检测和临床评价的新型生物标志物将有助于更深入地了解疾病机制，从而更有效地指导临床应用。
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the presence of α-synuclein (α-Syn)-rich Lewy bodies (LBs) and the preferential loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) pars compacta (SNpc). However, the widespread involvement of other central nervous systems (CNS) structures and peripheral tissues is now widely documented. The onset of the molecular and cellular neuropathology of PD likely occurs decades before the onset of the motor symptoms characteristic of PD, so early diagnosis of PD and adequate tracking of disease progression could significantly improve outcomes for patients. Because the clinical diagnosis of PD is challenging, misdiagnosis is common, which highlights the need for disease-specific and early-stage biomarkers. This review article aims to summarize useful biomarkers for the diagnosis of PD, as well as the biomarkers used to monitor disease progression. This review article describes the role of α-Syn in PD and how it could potentially be used as a biomarker for PD. Also, preclinical and clinical investigations encompassing genetics, immunology, fluid and tissue, imaging, as well as neurophysiology biomarkers are discussed. Knowledge of the novel biomarkers for preclinical detection and clinical evaluation will contribute to a deeper understanding of the disease mechanism, which should more effectively guide clinical applications.
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