Neuropilin-1 facilitates SARS-CoV-2 cell entry and infectivity.

Neuropilin-1 facilitates SARS-CoV-2 cell entry and infectivity.
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Neuropilin-1促进SARS-COV-2细胞进入和感染力。

DOI:
10.1126/science.abd2985
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发表时间:
2020-11-13
期刊:
Science (New York, N.Y.)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Simons M
Simons M
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Cantuti-Castelvetri L;Ojha R;Pedro LD;Djannatian M;Franz J;Kuivanen S;van der Meer F;Kallio K;Kaya T;Anastasina M;Smura T;Levanov L;Szirovicza L;Tobi A;Kallio-Kokko H;Österlund P;Joensuu M;Meunier FA;Butcher SJ;Winkler MS;Mollenhauer B;Helenius A;Gokce O;Teesalu T;Hepojoki J;Vapalahti O;Stadelmann C;Balistreri G;Simons M

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病毒与宿主的相互作用决定细胞的进入和在组织中的传播。严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)和早期的SARS-CoV使用血管紧张素转换酶2(ACE2)作为受体;然而,它们的组织向性不同,增加了涉及其他宿主因素的可能性。 SARS-CoV-2 的刺突蛋白含有 SARS-CoV 中不存在的弗林蛋白酶裂解位点(参见 Kielian 的观点)。坎图蒂-卡斯特尔维特里等人。现在表明,neuropilin-1 (NRP1) 已知可结合弗林蛋白酶切割的底物,可增强 SARS-CoV-2 的感染性。 NRP1在呼吸道和嗅觉上皮细胞中大量表达,在内皮细胞和上皮细胞中表达最高。戴利等人。发现刺突蛋白的弗林蛋白酶切割的 S1 片段直接与细胞表面 NRP1 结合,并用小分子抑制剂或单克隆抗体阻断这种相互作用,从而减少细胞培养物中的病毒感染。了解 NRP1 在 SARS-CoV-2 感染中的作用可能会为未来的抗病毒治疗提供潜在的靶点。科学,本期第 14 页。 856,p。 ;另见 p. NRP1 作为 SARS-CoV-2 感染的宿主因子,并可能为 COVID-19 提供潜在的治疗靶点。 2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 的病原体是严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2)。对于许多病毒来说,组织向性是由宿主细胞表面的病毒受体和进入辅助因子的可用性决定的。在这项研究中,我们发现神经毡蛋白-1 (NRP1) 已知可结合弗林蛋白酶切割的底物,可显着增强 SARS-CoV-2 的感染性,而针对 NRP1 的单克隆阻断抗体可阻断这种作用。弗林蛋白酶切割位点改变的 SARS-CoV-2 突变体不依赖于 NRP1 的感染性。对人类 COVID-19 尸检中获得的嗅觉上皮的病理分析显示,SARS-CoV-2 感染了面朝鼻腔的 NRP1 阳性细胞。我们的数据提供了对 SARS-CoV-2 细胞感染性的深入了解,并确定了抗病毒干预的潜在目标。
Virus-host interactions determine cellular entry and spreading in tissues. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the earlier SARS-CoV use angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a receptor; however, their tissue tropism differs, raising the possibility that additional host factors are involved. The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 contains a cleavage site for the protease furin that is absent from SARS-CoV (see the Perspective by Kielian). Cantuti-Castelvetri et al. now show that neuropilin-1 (NRP1), which is known to bind furin-cleaved substrates, potentiates SARS-CoV-2 infectivity. NRP1 is abundantly expressed in the respiratory and olfactory epithelium, with highest expression in endothelial and epithelial cells. Daly et al. found that the furin-cleaved S1 fragment of the spike protein binds directly to cell surface NRP1 and blocking this interaction with a small-molecule inhibitor or monoclonal antibodies reduced viral infection in cell culture. Understanding the role of NRP1 in SARS-CoV-2 infection may suggest potential targets for future antiviral therapeutics. Science, this issue p. 856, p. ; see also p. NRP1 serves as a host factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection and may potentially provide a therapeutic target for COVID-19. The causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). For many viruses, tissue tropism is determined by the availability of virus receptors and entry cofactors on the surface of host cells. In this study, we found that neuropilin-1 (NRP1), known to bind furin-cleaved substrates, significantly potentiates SARS-CoV-2 infectivity, an effect blocked by a monoclonal blocking antibody against NRP1. A SARS-CoV-2 mutant with an altered furin cleavage site did not depend on NRP1 for infectivity. Pathological analysis of olfactory epithelium obtained from human COVID-19 autopsies revealed that SARS-CoV-2 infected NRP1-positive cells facing the nasal cavity. Our data provide insight into SARS-CoV-2 cell infectivity and define a potential target for antiviral intervention.
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