The brain on silent: mind wandering, mindful awareness, and states of mental tranquility.
The brain on silent: mind wandering, mindful awareness, and states of mental tranquility.
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DOI：
10.1111/nyas.13171
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发表时间：
2016-06
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Zeidan F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Vago DR;Zeidan F
走神和正念通常被描述为不同的精神状态，对认知表现和心理健康有相反的影响。自发走神通常与自我反思状态有关，这种状态会导致对过去的消极处理，对未来的担忧/幻想，以及对主要任务表现的破坏。另一方面，正念意识经常被描述为专注于当前的感官输入，没有认知的详细阐述或情绪的反应，并且与改善的任务表现和减少压力相关的症状有关。不幸的是，这种区分没有承认两国之间的相似之处和相互作用。正念和走神之间不是反比关系，对正念的更细致的描述可能涉及到在概念和非概念过程之间来回切换，以及支持每种状态的网络，以满足情境特定的需求。在这篇文章中，我们提出了一个关于休息思维的理论分析和似是而非的神经认知框架，在这个框架中，我们试图通过现有的关于内在网络活动、冥想以及新兴的静止和非二元性描述的神经认知文献来阐明思维漫游和正念意识的潜在适应性贡献。提出了一种神经现象学方法来探测特定形式的集中和非概念性意识，这可能会提高我们对静息状态的理解。讨论了对未来研究的启示。
Mind wandering and mindfulness are often described as divergent mental states with opposing effects on cognitive performance and mental health. Spontaneous mind wandering is typically associated with self-reflective states that contribute to negative processing of the past, worrying/fantasizing about the future, and disruption of primary task performance. On the other hand, mindful awareness is frequently described as a focus on present sensory input without cognitive elaboration or emotional reactivity, and is associated with improved task performance and decreased stress-related symptomology. Unfortunately, such distinctions fail to acknowledge similarities and interactions between the two states. Instead of an inverse relationship between mindfulness and mind wandering, a more nuanced characterization of mindfulness may involve skillful toggling back and forth between conceptual and nonconceptual processes and networks supporting each state, to meet the contextually specified demands of the situation. In this article, we present a theoretical analysis and plausible neurocognitive framework of the restful mind, in which we attempt to clarify potentially adaptive contributions of both mind wandering and mindful awareness through the lens of the extant neurocognitive literature on intrinsic network activity, meditation, and emerging descriptions of stillness and nonduality. A neurophenomenological approach to probing modality-specific forms of concentration and nonconceptual awareness is presented that may improve our understanding of the resting state. Implications for future research are discussed.
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