The genetics of host-virus coevolution in invertebrates.

The genetics of host-virus coevolution in invertebrates.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.coviro.2014.07.002
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发表时间:
2014-10
影响因子:
5.9
通讯作者:
Dudas, Gytis
Dudas, Gytis
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Obbard, Darren J.;Dudas, Gytis

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目前还没有关于大多数动物门的病毒或抗病毒防御的遗传数据。这种研究偏差可能会导致对宿主-病毒共同进化的理解出现偏差。果蝇的抗病毒RNAi基因表现出快速适应性进化。在植物、脊椎动物和昆虫病毒中,dN/ds的中位数比率没有差异。高频大效应分离多态为共同进化提供了证据。尽管病毒感染和抗病毒防御无处不在,但目前无法从绝大多数动物门获得基因数据-这可能会偏向我们对共同进化过程的整体观点。在一些昆虫抗病毒基因中可以看到快速的适应性进化,这与无脊椎动物病毒的“军备竞赛”共同进化是一致的,但在病毒中很难检测到相同的选择特征。我们发现,尽管脊椎动物、无脊椎动物和植物的免疫反应存在很大差异,但对病毒进化的比较未能确定这些宿主之间在正选择影响方面的任何差异。目前,无脊椎动物-病毒协同进化的最好证据是宿主抗性和/或病毒逃避的大效应多态,因为这些多态似乎是最近才出现和传播的,可以通过病毒介导的选择来支持。
No genetic data are available on viruses or antiviral defence for most animal phyla. The research bias may bias understanding of host–virus coevolution. Antiviral RNAi genes of Drosophila display rapid adaptive evolution. There is no difference between plant, vertebrate, and insect viruses in median dN/dS ratio. High-frequency large-effect segregating polymorphisms provide evidence for coevolution. Although viral infection and antiviral defence are ubiquitous, genetic data are currently unavailable from the vast majority of animal phyla — potentially biasing our overall perspective of the coevolutionary process. Rapid adaptive evolution is seen in some insect antiviral genes, consistent with invertebrate-virus ‘arms-race’ coevolution, but equivalent signatures of selection are hard to detect in viruses. We find that, despite the large differences in vertebrate, invertebrate, and plant immune responses, comparison of viral evolution fails to identify any difference among these hosts in the impact of positive selection. The best evidence for invertebrate-virus coevolution is currently provided by large-effect polymorphisms for host resistance and/or viral evasion, as these often appear to have arisen and spread recently, and can be favoured by virus-mediated selection.
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