The scope of audience design in child-directed speech: Parents' tailoring of word lengths for adult versus child listeners.
The scope of audience design in child-directed speech: Parents' tailoring of word lengths for adult versus child listeners.
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DOI：
10.1037/xlm0000939
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发表时间：
2020-11
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Lew-Williams C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tippenhauer N;Fourakis ER;Watson DG;Lew-Williams C
当与他人交流时，成年人会根据词语的可预测性、频率和话语状态来缩短或延长词语。但是年轻的听众在处理不同时间的语音变化方面比年长的听众经验更少。在两个实验中，我们测试了说英语的父母在儿童导向语（CDS）和成人导向语（ADS）中减少单词持续时间的差异。在一个有一系列物体和目的地的儿童友好型游戏中，成年参与者（N=48）向实验者（成人指导）阅读说明，然后向他们自己2至3岁的孩子（儿童指导）阅读说明。在实验1中，说话者产生了包含高频目标名词的句子，在实验2中，说话者产生了包含低频目标名词的句子。在两个实验中，在CDS和ADS中，说话者在连续的话语中减少了对目标名词的重复提及。然而，说话者在cd中减少的次数比在ADS中少，而且cd中的低频名词总体上比ADS中的低频名词更长。总之，结果表明，重复减少可能超出了说话者的控制范围，但说话者在为相对没有经验的听众说话时仍然会参与听众设计。我们得出的结论是，语言生产包括嵌套的听众驱动和说话者驱动的过程。
When communicating with other people, adults reduce or lengthen words based on their predictability, frequency, and discourse status. But younger listeners have less experience than older listeners in processing speech variation across time. In two experiments, we tested whether English-speaking parents reduce word durations differently across utterances in child-directed speech (CDS) versus adult-directed speech (ADS). In a child-friendly game with an array of objects and destinations, adult participants (N=48) read instructions to an experimenter (adult-directed) and then to their own 2- to 3-year-old children (child-directed). In Experiment 1, speakers produced sentences containing high-frequency target nouns, and in Experiment 2, they produced sentences containing low-frequency target nouns. In both CDS and ADS in both experiments, speakers reduced repeated mentions of target nouns across successive utterances. However, speakers reduced less in CDS than in ADS, and low-frequency nouns in CDS were overall longer than low-frequency nouns in ADS. Together, the results suggest that repetition reduction may be beyond speaker control, but that speakers still engage in audience design when producing words for relatively inexperienced listeners. We conclude that language production involves nested audience-driven and speaker-driven processes.
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影响因子：
4.3
作者：
FISHER, C;TOKURA, H
通讯作者：
TOKURA, H
影响因子：
4.3
作者：
Hwane, Jiwon;Brennan, Susan E.;Huffman, Marie K.
通讯作者：
Huffman, Marie K.
DOI：
10.1016/s0079-7421(10)53008-1
发表时间：
2010-01-01
期刊：
PSYCHOLOGY OF LEARNING AND MOTIVATION: ADVANCES IN RESEARCH AND THEORY, VOL 53
影响因子：
--
作者：
Brennan, Susan E.;Galati, Alexia;Kuhlen, Anna K.
通讯作者：
Kuhlen, Anna K.
DOI：
10.1080/01690965.2010.504378
发表时间：
2010-01-01
期刊：
LANGUAGE AND COGNITIVE PROCESSES
影响因子：
--
作者：
Breen, Mara;Fedorenko, Evelina;Gibson, Edward
通讯作者：
Gibson, Edward
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Dale R;Galati A;Alviar C;Contreras Kallens P;Ramirez-Aristizabal AG;Tabatabaeian M;Vinson DW
通讯作者：
Vinson DW