Risk factors for COPD spirometrically defined from the lower limit of normal in the BOLD project.
Risk factors for COPD spirometrically defined from the lower limit of normal in the BOLD project.
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DOI:
10.1183/09031936.00002711
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发表时间:
2012-06
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Buist AS
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hooper R;Burney P;Vollmer WM;McBurnie MA;Gislason T;Tan WC;Jithoo A;Kocabas A;Welte T;Buist AS
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is predicted to become the third commonest cause of death and disability worldwide by 2020. The prevalence of COPD defined by the lower limit of normal was estimated using high quality spirometry in surveys of 14 populations aged 40 years and over. The strength and consistency of associations were assessed using random effects meta-analysis. Pack-years of smoking were associated with risk of COPD at each site. After adjusting for this effect, we still observed significant associations of COPD risk with age (Odds Ratio (OR): 1.52/10 years (95%CI: 1.35,1.71), body mass index (OR: 0.50 in obese compared with normal weight (95%CI: 0.37, 0.67)), level of education (OR: 0.76/stage of education completed (95%CI: 0.67, 0.87)), hospitalisation with a respiratory problem before age 10 years (OR: 2.35 (95%CI: 1.42, 3.91)), passive cigarette smoke exposure (OR: 1.24 (95%CI: 1.05, 1.47)), tuberculosis (OR: 1.78 (95%CI: 1.17, 2.72)), and a family history of COPD (OR: 1.50 (95%CI: 1.159, 1.90)). Although smoking is the most important risk factor for COPD, other risk factors are also important. More research is required to elucidate relevant risk factors in low and middle-income countries where the greatest impact of COPD will occur.
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发表时间:
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DOI:
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期刊:
CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIALS
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