Anxiolytic effects of nicotine in a rodent test of approach-avoidance conflict.
Anxiolytic effects of nicotine in a rodent test of approach-avoidance conflict.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00213-009-1486-7
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发表时间：
2009-06
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Ettenberg, Aaron
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cohen, Ami;Young, Robert W.;Velazquez, Miguel A.;Groysman, Mariya;Noorbehesht, Kavon;Ben-Shahar, Osnat M.;Ettenberg, Aaron
据报道，尼古丁在人类和动物中产生抗焦虑和/或致焦虑作用。本研究探讨了尼古丁预处理是否会改变焦虑在一个独特的跑道模型的接近-回避冲突。训练食物限制的大鼠每天跑一次直道，以在进入球门时获得食物。从试验11开始，食物奖励之后是球门框中的一系列5次足部电击（0.3-0.4 mA，0.5秒）。非休克对照组大鼠继续仅为食物而奔跑。由此产生的关联的目标框与积极的（食物）和消极的（脚电击）刺激产生了接近-回避冲突（受试者表现出“撤退行为”，其中他们会接近目标框，停止，然后退回到开始框）。一旦建立撤退，它们对尼古丁预处理（0.0、0.03、0.045、0.06或0.075 mg/kg i. v.）与生理盐水相比。在随后的试验中，检查了尼古丁（0.06或0.03 mg/kg）对开放视野中自发活动（运动）和中心广场进入（焦虑）的影响。0.06与生理盐水相比，0.075 mg/kg尼古丁（但不是更低剂量的尼古丁）减少了跑道退缩的次数，0.06 mg/kg尼古丁增加了旷场中心进入的次数。未观察到对运动的影响。尼古丁减少了接近-回避冲突，并增加了大鼠进入开放场地中心的意愿，这表明该药物可以产生抗焦虑特性，并且这种作用可能是吸烟行为持续存在的重要因素。
Nicotine has been reported to produce both anxiolytic and/or anxiogenic effects in humans and animals. This study examined whether pretreatment with nicotine would alter anxiety in a unique runway model of approach-avoidance conflict. Food-restricted rats were trained to run a straight alley once a day to obtain food upon goal-box entry. Beginning on trial 11, food reward was followed by a series of 5 foot-shocks (0.3–0.4 mA, 0.5 sec) in the goal-box. Non-shocked control rats continued to run for food only. The resulting association of the goal-box with both a positive (food) and negative (foot-shock) stimulus produced an approach-avoidance conflict (subjects exhibited “retreat behaviors” in which they would approach the goal-box, stop and then retreat back towards the start-box). Once retreats were established, their sensitivity to nicotine pretreatment (0.0, 0.03, 0.045, 0.06 or 0.075 mg/kg i.v.) was compared to saline. In subsequent tests, the effects of nicotine (0.06 or 0.03 mg/kg) were examined on spontaneous activity (locomotion) and center-square entries in an open field (anxiety). 0.06 and 0.075 mg/kg, but not lower doses of nicotine, reduced the number of runway retreats and 0.06 mg/kg nicotine increased the number of open-field center entries relative to saline. No effects on locomotion were observed. Nicotine reduced approach-avoidance conflict and increased the rats’ willingness to enter the center of an open field suggesting that the drug can produce anxiolytic properties, and that such effects may serve as an important factor in the persistence of smoking behavior.
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影响因子：
3.6
作者：
Ettenberg, Aaron;Bernardi, Rick E.
通讯作者：
Bernardi, Rick E.
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
ETTENBERG, A;GEIST, TD
通讯作者：
GEIST, TD
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3.4
作者：
CORRIGALL, WA;COEN, KM
通讯作者：
COEN, KM
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
DeNoble, VJ;Mele, PC
通讯作者：
Mele, PC
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
GLOWA, JR
通讯作者：
GLOWA, JR