3D printed TCP-based scaffold incorporating VEGF-loaded PLGA microspheres for craniofacial tissue engineering.
3D printed TCP-based scaffold incorporating VEGF-loaded PLGA microspheres for craniofacial tissue engineering.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.dental.2017.06.016
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发表时间：
2017-11
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Tayebi L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fahimipour F;Rasoulianboroujeni M;Dashtimoghadam E;Khoshroo K;Tahriri M;Bastami F;Lobner D;Tayebi L
血管化是骨再生/修复过程中的关键过程，组织血管化的缺乏被认为是将骨组织工程方法应用于颅颌面外科手术的主要挑战。本研究的目的是利用计算机辅助设计（CAD）模型，通过3D打印的方法制备载血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）的明胶/海藻酸钠/β-TCP复合支架。各种明胶/藻酸盐/β-TCP制剂的流变学表征导致在室温下作为可印刷生物油墨的优化糊剂。然后在印刷之前将加载VEGF的PLGA微球掺入糊剂中以确保生长因子的持续释放。体外释放动力学的加载VEGF显示，所设计的支架满足血管化所需的VEGF在组织再生的早期阶段的生物利用度。培养10天后，人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVECs）增殖增加2倍，证实了上述结果。支架材料的压缩模量为98 ± 11 MPa，处于松质骨的压缩模量范围内，表明其在颅面组织工程中具有潜在的应用价值。支架上的成骨细胞培养表明，该结构支持细胞活力，粘附和增殖。结果发现，在培养2周后，使用负载VEGF的支架，ALP活性增加超过50%。结论：3D打印明胶/藻酸盐/β-TCP缓释VEGF支架材料可作为颅面缺损修复的潜在材料。
Vascularization is a critical process during bone regeneration/repair and the lack of tissue vascularization is recognized as a major challenge in applying bone tissue engineering methods for cranial and maxillofacial surgeries. The aim of our study is to fabricate a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-loaded gelatin/alginate/β-TCP composite scaffold by 3D printing method using a computer-assisted design (CAD) model. Rheological characterization of various gelatin/alginate/β-TCP formulations led to an optimized paste as a printable bioink at room temperature. VEGF-loaded PLGA microspheres were then incorporated into the paste prior to printing to ensure sustained release of the growth factor. The in vitro release kinetics of the loaded VEGF revealed that the designed scaffolds fulfill the bioavailability of VEGF required for vascularization in the early stages of tissue regeneration. The results were confirmed by two times increment of proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) seeded on the scaffolds after 10 days. The compressive modulus of the scaffolds, 98 ± 11 MPa, was found to be in the range of cancellous bone suggesting their potential application for craniofacial tissue engineering. Osteoblast culture on the scaffolds showed that the construct supports cell viability, adhesion and proliferation. It was found that the ALP activity increased over 50% using VEGF-loaded scaffolds after 2 weeks of culture. In conclusion, the 3D printed gelatin/alginate/β-TCP scaffold with slow releasing of VEGF can be considered as a potential candidate for regeneration of craniofacial defects.
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