MicroRNA: Biogenesis, Function and Role in Cancer.
MicroRNA: Biogenesis, Function and Role in Cancer.
复制标题
DOI：
10.2174/138920210793175895
复制
发表时间：
2010-11
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Murphy PR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Macfarlane LA;Murphy PR
MicroRNAs是一种高度保守的非编码小RNA分子，参与基因表达调控。MicroRNAs由RNA聚合酶II和III转录，产生的前体经历一系列切割事件形成成熟的microRNA。传统的生物发生途径包括两个切割事件，一个是核的，一个是细胞质的。然而，存在不同的生物发生途径，其切割事件的数量和负责的酶不同。MicroRNA前体如何被分类到不同的途径尚不清楚，但似乎由microRNA的起源位置、其序列和热力学稳定性决定。MicroRNAs的调控功能是通过RNA诱导沉默复合体(RISC)来实现的。MicroRNA组装成RISC，激活该复合体以microRNA指定的信使RNA(MRNA)为靶标。各种RISC组装模型被提出，研究继续探索RISC加载和激活的机制(S)。MicroRNA和靶之间的互补程度和性质决定了基因沉默的机制，依赖于切片器的mRNA降解或非切片器非依赖的翻译抑制。最近的证据表明，P小体是microRNA介导的基因沉默所必需的，RISC的组装和沉默主要发生在P小体内。P-Body模型概述了microRNA的分类和在专门的P-Body隔间之间的穿梭，这些P-Body隔间容纳了依赖切片器和独立沉默所需的酶，解决了这些沉默机制的可逆性。对microRNA通路的详细了解对于理解它们的生理作用以及与功能障碍和调节失调相关的含义至关重要。
MicroRNAs are small, highly conserved non-coding RNA molecules involved in the regulation of gene expression. MicroRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerases II and III, generating precursors that undergo a series of cleavage events to form mature microRNA. The conventional biogenesis pathway consists of two cleavage events, one nuclear and one cytoplasmic. However, alternative biogenesis pathways exist that differ in the number of cleavage events and enzymes responsible. How microRNA precursors are sorted to the different pathways is unclear but appears to be determined by the site of origin of the microRNA, its sequence and thermodynamic stability. The regulatory functions of microRNAs are accomplished through the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). MicroRNA assembles into RISC, activating the complex to target messenger RNA (mRNA) specified by the microRNA. Various RISC assembly models have been proposed and research continues to explore the mechanism(s) of RISC loading and activation. The degree and nature of the complementarity between the microRNA and target determine the gene silencing mechanism, slicer-dependent mRNA degradation or slicer-independent translation inhibition. Recent evidence indicates that P-bodies are essential for microRNA-mediated gene silencing and that RISC assembly and silencing occurs primarily within P-bodies. The P-body model outlines microRNA sorting and shuttling between specialized P-body compartments that house enzymes required for slicer –dependent and –independent silencing, addressing the reversibility of these silencing mechanisms. Detailed knowledge of the microRNA pathways is essential for understanding their physiological role and the implications associated with dysfunction and dysregulation.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Abdelhaleem, M;Maltais, L;Wain, H
通讯作者：
Wain, H
影响因子：
2
作者：
Akao, Yukihiro;Nakagawa, Yoshihito;Naoe, Tomoki
通讯作者：
Naoe, Tomoki
影响因子：
14.9
作者：
Altuvia Y;Landgraf P;Lithwick G;Elefant N;Pfeffer S;Aravin A;Brownstein MJ;Tuschl T;Margalit H
通讯作者：
Margalit H
影响因子：
12.3
作者：
Blow MJ;Grocock RJ;van Dongen S;Enright AJ;Dicks E;Futreal PA;Wooster R;Stratton MR
通讯作者：
Stratton MR
影响因子：
11.8
作者：
Abbott, AL;Alvarez-Saavedra, E;Ambros, V
通讯作者：
Ambros, V