Adverse childhood experiences interact with inflammation and menopause transition stage to predict verbal memory in women.
Adverse childhood experiences interact with inflammation and menopause transition stage to predict verbal memory in women.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100411
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发表时间:
2022-03
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Epperson CN
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Metcalf CA;Johnson RL;Novick AM;Freeman EW;Sammel MD;Anthony LG;Epperson CN
Women with more adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may face a triple threat of risk factors for cognitive concerns during the menopause transition: reduced estradiol, increased inflammation, and early life stress sequelae. Our objective was to determine the extent to which ACEs and peripheral basal inflammatory markers associate with verbal memory across the menopause transition. Penn Ovarian Aging cohort participants (n = 167) were assessed for ACEs (low (0–1) or high (≥2)) and had remaining stored blood samples at study end assayed for interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1-beta (IL-1β), C-reactive protein (CRP), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Annual assessment included a verbal memory test (the Buschke Selective Reminding Test) and menopause stage determination. To estimate the effects of menopause stage, ACEs, and cytokines on verbal memory, repeated cognitive outcome measures were modeled in generalized estimating equations. Covariates included body mass index, smoking, race, education, age at baseline, and baseline verbal memory performance. Cytokine levels were log-transformed. Advancing menopause stage was associated with worse performance on immediate verbal recall and delayed verbal recall (ps < 0.001). During perimenopause, higher ACE exposure was associated with worse immediate verbal recall at higher levels of TNF-α (slope difference p = 0.041). Inflammation may mechanistically link ACEs and verbal memory for high ACE women during perimenopause. Reducing inflammation for these individuals may have positive impact on verbal memory across the menopause transition. Controlling for age, advancing menopause stage was associated with decrements in verbal memory. In perimenopause, high TNF-α was associated with decreased verbal memory in high ACE women. Inflammation may be a mechanism by which menopausal high ACE women are prone to cognitive deficits.
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