Control of Mammalian Locomotion by Somatosensory Feedback.

Control of Mammalian Locomotion by Somatosensory Feedback.
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DOI:
10.1002/cphy.c210020
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发表时间:
2021-12-29
影响因子:
5.8
通讯作者:
Prilutsky, Boris I.
Prilutsky, Boris I.
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Frigon, Alain;Akay, Turgay;Prilutsky, Boris I.

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当动物在地上行走时,机械刺激会激活肌肉、关节和皮肤上的各种感受器。这些机械感受器的传入投射到控制脊髓和大脑运动的神经网络。神经轴不同层次的控制系统之间的动态交互作用确保了运动适应其环境并满足任务要求。在这篇综述中,我们描述和讨论了躯体感觉反馈对运动的重要贡献。我们首先讨论身体的生物力学特性如何影响体感反馈。我们接着介绍了不同类型的机械感受器和体感传入及其在运动过程中的活动。然后,我们描述了运动网络的中枢投射和运动过程中体感反馈的调节及其机制。然后,我们讨论了体感反馈控制运动的实验方法和动物模型,然后概述了体感反馈对运动的不同功能作用。最后,我们简要描述了躯体感觉反馈在神经损伤后运动恢复中的作用。我们强调的事实是,体感反馈是一个高度集成的运动控制系统的重要组成部分。
When animals walk overground, mechanical stimuli activate various receptors located in muscles, joints and skin. Afferents from these mechanoreceptors project to neuronal networks controlling locomotion in the spinal cord and brain. The dynamic interactions between the control systems at different levels of the neuraxis ensures that locomotion adjusts to its environment and meets task demands. In this review, we describe and discuss the essential contribution of somatosensory feedback to locomotion. We start with a discussion of how biomechanical properties of the body affect somatosensory feedback. We follow with the different types of mechanoreceptors and somatosensory afferents and their activity during locomotion. We then describe central projections to locomotor networks and the modulation of somatosensory feedback during locomotion and its mechanisms. We then discuss experimental approaches and animal models used to investigate the control of locomotion by somatosensory feedback before providing an overview of the different functional roles of somatosensory feedback for locomotion. Lastly, we briefly describe the role of somatosensory feedback in the recovery of locomotion after neurological injury. We highlight the fact that somatosensory feedback is an essential component of a highly integrated system for locomotor control.
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