The uneven geography of research on “environmental migration”

The uneven geography of research on “environmental migration”
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“环境移民”研究的地理分布不均衡

DOI:
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发表时间:
2018
期刊:
影响因子:
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通讯作者:
Jérémie Guélat
Jérémie Guélat
中科院分区:
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文献类型:
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作者:
E. Piguet;Raoul Kaenzig;Jérémie Guélat

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气候变化和环境危害影响着整个世界,但它们与人类迁移的相互作用及其后果在地理上的分布并不均匀。关于气候和移民的研究有其各自的地理范围,并不一定重合。本文批判性地面对这两个地理提出了第一个详细的地图研究领域的环境引起的迁移。在简要回顾了气候变化研究的地理学之后,本文概述了近50年来基于CliMig的案例研究,CliMig是一个包含1193篇关于气候/环境变化和移民的科学论文和书籍的书目数据库,其中包括463个经验案例研究。我们分析了这些案例研究的位置,他们的研究人员的学术背景,以及他们的资金来源。绘制全球案例研究的地点,指出研究中的盲点,并确定“过度研究”的领域。我们描述了研究中使用的方法,并提出了一个环境危害的类型学。我们的研究结果表明,环境移民的研究主要是在全球南部的国家,而气候科学研究一般集中在全球北部的国家。我们认为,环境移徙的特殊地理状况不能仅仅用南方人口对环境的脆弱性不均衡来解释。还必须通过后殖民和安全化研究的透镜来理解这一问题,因为这是将“环境难民”(和一般难民)视为一个本质上的“南方问题”和北方的安全风险的结果。本文是对关于科学研究中的南北差距的文献的原创性贡献,将有助于概述未来的调查方向。
Climate change and environmental hazards affect the entire world, but their interactions with—and consequences on—human migration are unevenly distributed geographically. Research on climate and migration have their own geographies which do not necessarily coincide. This paper critically confronts these two geographies by presenting the first detailed mapping of research in the field of environmentally induced migration. After a brief review of the geography of research on climate change, the paper presents an overview of nearly 50 years of case studies on the basis of CliMig, a bibliographic database of 1193 scientific papers and books on climate/environmental change and migration, among them 463 empirical case studies. We analyze the locations of these case studies, the academic affiliations of their researchers, and the origin of their funding. Mapping the locations of case studies worldwide points toward blind spots in the research and identifies “overstudied” areas. We describe the methodologies used in the studies and present a typology of environmental hazards. Our results show that research on environmental migration is mainly done in countries of the Global South, whereas climate science research in general is focused on countries of the Global North. We contend that the peculiar geography of environmental migration cannot be explained solely by the uneven vulnerability of southern populations to the environment. It must also be understood through the lens of post-colonial and securitization studies as the result of a framing of “environmental refugees” (and refugees in general) as an intrinsically “southern problem” and as a security risk for the North. This paper is an original contribution to the literature on the North-South divide in scientific research and will help to outline future directions of investigation.
DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.05.023
发表时间: 2012-01-01
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