Coordination of cellular differentiation, polarity, mitosis and meiosis - New findings from early vertebrate oogenesis.
Coordination of cellular differentiation, polarity, mitosis and meiosis - New findings from early vertebrate oogenesis.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.06.029
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发表时间：
2017-10-15
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Mullins MC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Elkouby YM;Mullins MC
对脊椎动物早期卵母细胞分化的机械解剖是推进我们对生殖系发育、生殖生物学、减数分裂调节及其所有相关疾病的知识的关键。该领域的最新进展包括在Medaka的生殖系干细胞鉴定方面的突破，在小鼠生殖系囊的细胞结构方面的突破，在小鼠减数分裂中染色体配对和花束形成的机械解剖方面的突破，在追踪斑马鱼减数分裂的染色体束破坏的卵母细胞对称性方面的突破，以及在巴比亚尼体(一种普遍的卵母细胞颗粒)的生物学方面的突破。早期卵子发生中的许多重大事件都是普遍保守的，有些是出于物种特定的需要而增选的。减数分裂的染色体事件对配子的形成具有重大影响，已被广泛研究。关于早期卵母细胞分化的其他方面，传统上被认为不属于减数分裂的范围，以及它们与减数分裂事件的协调，现在正在得到新的曙光。新出现的主题是减数分裂作为协调卵母细胞分化的多方面过程的共同基础。在随附的手稿中，我们描述了允许对斑马鱼卵巢进行研究的方法，以促进这些突破。在这里，我们主要从斑马鱼和老鼠方面综述这些进展。我们讨论了已建立的模式生物的卵子发生概念，并构建了脊椎动物早期卵母细胞分化的包容性范式。
A mechanistic dissection of early oocyte differentiation in vertebrates is key to advancing our knowledge of germline development, reproductive biology, the regulation of meiosis, and all of their associated disorders. Recent advances in the field include breakthroughs in the identification of germline stem cells in Medaka, in the cellular architecture of the germline cyst in mice, in a mechanistic dissection of chromosomal pairing and bouquet formation in meiosis in mice, in tracing oocyte symmetry breaking to the chromosomal bouquet of meiosis in zebrafish, and in the biology of the Balbiani body, a universal oocyte granule. Many of the major events in early oogenesis are universally conserved, and some are co-opted for species-specific needs. The chromosomal events of meiosis are of tremendous consequence to gamete formation and have been extensively studied. New light is now being shed on other aspects of early oocyte differentiation, which were traditionally considered outside the scope of meiosis, and their coordination with meiotic events. The emerging theme is of meiosis as a common groundwork for coordinating multifaceted processes of oocyte differentiation. In an accompanying manuscript we describe methods that allowed for investigations in the zebrafish ovary to contribute to these breakthroughs. Here, we review these advances mostly from the zebrafish and mouse. We discuss oogenesis concepts across established model organisms, and construct an inclusive paradigm for early oocyte differentiation in vertebrates.
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