Reverse genetics of the largest RNA viruses.

Reverse genetics of the largest RNA viruses.
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DOI:
10.1016/s0065-3527(08)60351-6
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发表时间:
1999
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Masters PS
Masters PS
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Masters PS

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冠状病毒的加帽和聚腺苷酸化基因组,跨越约27至31 kb,是所有RNA病毒基因组中最大的,包括那些分段RNA病毒。本章介绍了最大的RNA病毒的反向遗传学。正如所有其他正义RNA病毒(逆转录病毒除外)一样,冠状病毒基因组RNA在转染到允许宿主的细胞中时具有感染性。因此,原则上,对冠状病毒进行反向遗传学的最直接方法应该是构建全长基因组互补DNA(cDNA)克隆,从中可以在体外转录感染性RNA。靶向重组的方法不太直接,也更费力,迄今为止,它只应用于小鼠肝炎病毒(MHV)的定点突变。因此,至少对于预期不会严重有害的结构基因突变,靶向重组可能仍然是产生MHV突变体的较不复杂的替代方案。本章讨论了靶向RNA重组,如系统的发展,冠状病毒结构蛋白的遗传分析,冠状病毒RNA合成的遗传分析,以及靶向重组的局限性。
The capped and polyadenylated genomes of coronaviruses, spanning some 27 to 31 kb, are the largest of all RNA virus genomes, including those of the segmented RNA viruses. This chapter presents the reverse genetics of the largest RNA viruses. Just as all other positive-sense RNA viruses (retroviruses excluded), coronavirus genomic RNA is infectious when transfected into the cells of a permissive host. Therefore, in principle, the most direct way to perform reverse genetics on a coronavirus ought to involve the construction of a full-length genomic complementary DNA (cDNA) clone from which infectious RNA could be transcribed in vitro. The method––targeted recombination––is less direct and more laborious, and so far it has been applied exclusively to site-directed mutagenesis of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV). Thus, at least for structural gene mutations that are not expected to be severely deleterious, targeted recombination may remain the less complicated alternative for the creation of MHV mutants. The chapter discusses targeted RNA recombination, such as development of system, genetic analysis of coronavirus structural proteins, genetic analysis of coronavirus RNA synthesis, and limitations of targeted recombination.
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