Assessing bioavailability of DDT and metabolites in marine sediments using solid-phase microextraction with performance reference compounds.
Assessing bioavailability of DDT and metabolites in marine sediments using solid-phase microextraction with performance reference compounds.
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DOI：
10.1002/etc.2275
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发表时间：
2013-09
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Gan, Jay
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bao, Lian-Jun;Jia, Fang;Crago, J.;Zeng, Eddy Y.;Schlenk, D.;Gan, Jay
关键词：
固相微萃取(SPME)常用于估算沉积物中有机污染物的自由溶解浓度(CFree)。固相微萃取在自由基测量中应用的一个重要限制是对达到平衡分配的要求，而对于像DDT这样的强疏水化合物来说，这往往是困难的。建立了以稳定的同位素标记类似物为性能参比化合物(PRCs)的固相微萃取(SPME)测定海洋沉积物中DDT及其代谢物(DDT)的方法。在使用前，将6个~(13)C标记或~(13)H标记的原癌细胞浸渍到聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)纤维中。在充分混合的条件下现场评估的一系列沉积物中，从PDMS纤维中解吸PRCs和从沉积物中吸收DDT是各向同性的。当应用于一个超级基金站点的历史污染的海洋沉积物时，PRC-SPME方法得到的CFree值与用传统的平衡SPME方法(Eq-SPME)得到的值相同，混合时间从9d减少到只有9h。进一步评估了PRC-SPME方法在有或没有添加活性碳或沙子的情况下，对污染沉积物中花生四氢叶藻对DDTS的生物积累的影响。在纤维上导出的平衡浓度和蠕虫中DDTS的脂质归一化组织残留量之间一致地发现了强烈的相关性。本研究的结果清楚地证明了将PRC与SPME采样相结合的可行性，从而大大缩短了采样时间，从而大大提高了SPME用于生物利用度评价的灵活性。环境毒物化学2013；32：1946-1953。
Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) has often been used to estimate the freely dissolved concentration (Cfree) of organic contaminants in sediments. A significant limitation in the application of SPME for Cfree measurement is the requirement for attaining equilibrium partition, which is often difficult for strongly hydrophobic compounds such as DDT. A method was developed using SPME with stable isotope-labeled analogues as performance reference compounds (PRCs) to measure Cfree of DDT and metabolites (DDTs) in marine sediments. Six 13C-labeled or deuterated PRCs were impregnated into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) fiber before use. Desorption of PRCs from PDMS fibers and absorption of DDTs from sediment were isotropic in a range of sediments evaluated ex situ under well-mixed conditions. When applied to a historically contaminated marine sediment from a Superfund site, the PRC-SPME method yielded Cfree values identical to those found by using a conventional equilibrium SPME approach (Eq-SPME), wherease the time for mixing was reduced from 9 d to only 9 h. The PRC-SPME method was further evaluated against bioaccumulation of DDTs by Neanthes arenaceodentata in the contaminated sediment with or without amendment of activated carbon or sand. Strong correlations were consistently found between the derived equilibrium concentrations on the fiber and lipid-normalized tissue residues for DDTs in the worms. Results from the present study clearly demonstrated the feasibility of coupling PRCs with SPME sampling to greatly shorten sampling time, thus affording much improved flexibility in the use of SPME for bioavailability evaluation. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:1946–1953.
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