Spore formation in Myxococcus xanthus is tied to cytoskeleton functions and polysaccharide spore coat deposition.

Spore formation in Myxococcus xanthus is tied to cytoskeleton functions and polysaccharide spore coat deposition.
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DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2958.2011.07944.x
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发表时间:
2012-02
影响因子:
3.6
通讯作者:
Higgs PI
Higgs PI
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Müller FD;Schink CW;Hoiczyk E;Cserti E;Higgs PI

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黄粘球菌是一种革兰氏阴性细菌,可分化为环境抗性孢子。孢子分化包括不依赖分离的杆状营养细胞向球形孢子的重塑和在外膜外沉积一层厚而致密的孢子外衣。我们的分析表明,孢子外壳多糖通过Exo外膜多糖输出/多糖共聚合酶2a (OPX/PCP-2a)机制输出到细胞表面。将囊状多糖层转化为致密的孢子外壳层需要Nfs蛋白,它可能在细胞包膜中形成复合物。nfs、exo或其他两个编码多糖合成酶同源基因的基因座的突变体不能完成从杆状细胞到球形孢子的形态发生,而是在恢复为典型的杆状细胞之前产生一种短暂的变形细胞形态。我们还提供证据表明,细胞骨架蛋白MreB在杆状细胞到孢子的形态发生和孢子的生长中起重要作用。这些研究证明,这种新的革兰氏阴性分化过程与细胞骨架功能和多糖孢子外壳沉积有关。
Myxococcus xanthus is a Gram-negative bacterium that differentiates into environmentally resistant spores. Spore differentiation involves septation-independent remodelling of the rod-shaped vegetative cell into a spherical spore and deposition of a thick and compact spore coat outside of the outer membrane. Our analyses suggest that spore coat polysaccharides are exported to the cell surface by the Exo outer membrane polysaccharide export/polysaccharide co-polymerase 2a (OPX/PCP-2a) machinery. Conversion of the capsule-like polysaccharide layer into a compact spore coat layer requires the Nfs proteins which likely form a complex in the cell envelope. Mutants in either nfs, exo, or two other genetic loci encoding homologs of polysaccharide synthesis enzymes, fail to complete morphogenesis from rods to spherical spores and instead produce a transient state of deformed cell morphology before reversion into typical rods. We additionally provide evidence that the cell cytoskeletal protein, MreB, plays an important role in rod to spore morphogenesis and for spore outgrowth. These studies provide evidence that this novel gram-negative differentiation process is tied to cytoskeleton functions and polysaccharide spore coat deposition.
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