Glyphosate perturbs the gut microbiota of honey bees.
Glyphosate perturbs the gut microbiota of honey bees.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1803880115
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发表时间：
2018-10-09
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Moran NA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Motta EVS;Raymann K;Moran NA
蜜蜂群体死亡率的增加归因于几个因素，但尚未完全理解。除草剂草甘膦预计对包括蜜蜂在内的动物无害，因为它针对的是一种仅在植物和微生物中发现的酶。然而，蜜蜂依赖于一种特殊的肠道微生物群，这种微生物群有利于生长并提供对病原体的防御。大多数蜜蜂肠道细菌含有草甘膦靶向的酶，但它们是否具有敏感版本以及相应地对草甘膦的耐受性各不相同。将蜜蜂暴露于草甘膦会改变蜜蜂肠道群落，并增加对机会致病菌感染的易感性。了解草甘膦如何影响蜜蜂肠道共生体和蜜蜂健康将有助于阐明这种化学物质在蜂群衰退中的可能作用。草甘膦是全球用于杂草控制的主要除草剂，其靶向植物和一些微生物中发现的莽草酸途径中的5-烯醇式莽草酸-3-磷酸合酶（EPSPS）。因此，草甘膦可能会影响生活在农业用地附近的动物的细菌共生体，包括蜜蜂等授粉者。蜜蜂肠道微生物群由八种细菌物种主导，它们促进体重增加并降低病原体易感性。编码EPSPS的基因存在于几乎所有已测序的蜜蜂肠道细菌基因组中，表明它们可能对草甘膦敏感。我们证明，在环境中记录的浓度下，暴露于草甘膦的蜜蜂的肠道微生物群落优势物种的相对和绝对丰度降低。年轻工人暴露于Glycyrrhiza增加了蜜蜂随后暴露于条件致病菌粘质沙雷氏菌的死亡率。蜜蜂肠道微生物群的成员对草甘膦的敏感性各不相同，主要对应于它们是否具有I类（对草甘膦敏感）或II类（对草甘膦不敏感）的EPSPS。这种敏感性差异的基础通过体外实验得到了证实，在体外实验中，将来自蜜蜂肠道细菌的EPSPS基因克隆到大肠杆菌中。核心蜂肠道物种，Sassgrassella alvi的所有菌株编码敏感的I类EPSPS，并且S. ALVI水平是一致的实验结果。然而，一些S. ALVI菌株似乎具有草甘膦抗性的替代机制。因此，蜜蜂暴露于草甘膦会扰乱其有益的肠道微生物群，可能影响蜜蜂的健康及其作为授粉者的有效性。
Increased mortality of honey bee colonies has been attributed to several factors but is not fully understood. The herbicide glyphosate is expected to be innocuous to animals, including bees, because it targets an enzyme only found in plants and microorganisms. However, bees rely on a specialized gut microbiota that benefits growth and provides defense against pathogens. Most bee gut bacteria contain the enzyme targeted by glyphosate, but vary in whether they possess susceptible versions and, correspondingly, in tolerance to glyphosate. Exposing bees to glyphosate alters the bee gut community and increases susceptibility to infection by opportunistic pathogens. Understanding how glyphosate impacts bee gut symbionts and bee health will help elucidate a possible role of this chemical in colony decline. Glyphosate, the primary herbicide used globally for weed control, targets the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) enzyme in the shikimate pathway found in plants and some microorganisms. Thus, glyphosate may affect bacterial symbionts of animals living near agricultural sites, including pollinators such as bees. The honey bee gut microbiota is dominated by eight bacterial species that promote weight gain and reduce pathogen susceptibility. The gene encoding EPSPS is present in almost all sequenced genomes of bee gut bacteria, indicating that they are potentially susceptible to glyphosate. We demonstrated that the relative and absolute abundances of dominant gut microbiota species are decreased in bees exposed to glyphosate at concentrations documented in the environment. Glyphosate exposure of young workers increased mortality of bees subsequently exposed to the opportunistic pathogen Serratia marcescens. Members of the bee gut microbiota varied in susceptibility to glyphosate, largely corresponding to whether they possessed an EPSPS of class I (sensitive to glyphosate) or class II (insensitive to glyphosate). This basis for differences in sensitivity was confirmed using in vitro experiments in which the EPSPS gene from bee gut bacteria was cloned into Escherichia coli. All strains of the core bee gut species, Snodgrassella alvi, encode a sensitive class I EPSPS, and reduction in S. alvi levels was a consistent experimental result. However, some S. alvi strains appear to possess an alternative mechanism of glyphosate resistance. Thus, exposure of bees to glyphosate can perturb their beneficial gut microbiota, potentially affecting bee health and their effectiveness as pollinators.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Cao G;Liu Y;Zhang S;Yang X;Chen R;Zhang Y;Lu W;Liu Y;Wang J;Lin M;Wang G
通讯作者：
Wang G
影响因子：
48
作者：
Gibson, Daniel G.;Young, Lei;Smith, Hamilton O.
通讯作者：
Smith, Hamilton O.
DOI：
10.1099/ijsem.0.000882
发表时间：
2016-03
影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Kwong WK;Moran NA
通讯作者：
Moran NA
DOI：
10.1038/nrmicro.2016.43
发表时间：
2016-06
期刊：
Nature reviews. Microbiology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Kwong WK;Moran NA
通讯作者：
Moran NA
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Gaupp-Berghausen M;Hofer M;Rewald B;Zaller JG
通讯作者：
Zaller JG