Chronic social isolation signals starvation and reduces sleep in Drosophila.
Chronic social isolation signals starvation and reduces sleep in Drosophila.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41586-021-03837-0
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发表时间：
2021-09
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Young MW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li W;Wang Z;Syed S;Lyu C;Lincoln S;O'Neil J;Nguyen AD;Feng I;Young MW
社会孤立和孤独对公共健康有重大影响。社会心理学研究表明，睡眠质量下降是将持续孤独感与不良健康状况联系起来的关键因素。尽管实验操作已广泛应用于研究动物模型的睡眠/觉醒控制，但正常睡眠如何受到社会隔离的干扰尚不清楚。在这里，我们报告说，慢性而非急性的社会隔离会减少果蝇的睡眠。我们使用定量行为分析和转录组分析来区分急性与慢性社会孤立的大脑状态。尽管动物可以不间断地获取食物，但长期的社会隔离会改变代谢基因的表达，并诱导大脑出现饥饿信号。长期隔离的动物表现出睡眠不足并伴有食物过度消耗，这与人类与孤独相关的食欲亢进的轶事发现相呼应。长期的社会隔离会减少睡眠，并通过果蝇肽能扇形体柱状神经元的神经活动促进进食。这些神经元的人工激活会导致将急性社交隔离误认为是慢性社交隔离，从而导致睡眠不足和进食增加。这些结果共同揭示了长期社会孤立、新陈代谢和睡眠之间的机制联系，满足了长期以来对专注于孤独的有效动物模型的呼吁。
Social isolation and loneliness have potent effects on public health. Research in social psychology suggests that compromised sleep quality is a key factor linking persistent loneliness to adverse health conditions. Though experimental manipulations have been widely applied to studying sleep/wakefulness control in animal models, how normal sleep is perturbed by social isolation is unknown. Here we report that chronic, but not acute social isolation reduces sleep in Drosophila. We use quantitative behavioral analysis and transcriptome profiling to differentiate acute vs. chronic social isolation brain states. Despite the animal’s uninterrupted access to food, chronic social isolation alters metabolic gene expression and induces a brain state that signals starvation. Chronically isolated animals exhibit sleep-loss accompanied by overconsumption of food, which resonates with anecdotal findings of loneliness-associated hyperphagia in humans. Chronic social isolation reduces sleep and promotes feeding through neural activities in the peptidergic fan-shaped body columnar neurons of the fly. Artificial activation of these neurons causes misperception of acute social isolation as chronic social isolation and thus results in sleep loss and increased feeding. These results together present a mechanistic link between chronic social isolation, metabolism, and sleep, addressing a long-standing call for efficient animal models focused on loneliness.
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