Don't hide your happiness! Positive emotion dissociation, social connectedness, and psychological functioning.
Don't hide your happiness! Positive emotion dissociation, social connectedness, and psychological functioning.
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DOI：
10.1037/a0022410
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发表时间：
2011-04
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Gross, James J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mauss, Iris B.;Shallcross, Amanda J.;Troy, Allison S.;Ferrer, Emilio;John, Oliver P.;Wilhelm, Frank H.;Gross, James J.
关键词：
现在很明显，积极情绪可以增强心理功能。然而，不太清楚的是为什么会这样。从社会功能的角度来看，我们认为，准确地向他人发出个人内部状态信号的积极情绪行为将增强社会联系。不能准确反映一个人的经历的积极情绪行为（例如没有被感觉到的微笑）可能会阻碍社会联系，进而阻碍心理功能。这种观点表明，（a）在积极情绪发作期间，经验和行为分离的程度，超过积极行为的水平，应该预测更差的心理功能；（b）分离的影响应该由社会联系来调节。为了检验这些假设，我们进行了一项短期前瞻性纵向研究，在时间 1 对抑郁症状和幸福感进行基线评估。六个月后，在时间 2，我们使用一种新颖的个体内部实验室范式来测量积极情绪行为与参与者的积极情绪体验分离（与一致）的程度。我们还评估了积极行为和经验的水平。然后，又过了 6 个月，我们评估了社会联系作为中介因素，抑郁症状和幸福感作为时间 3 的结果。即使在控制基线功能以及积极情绪行为和体验水平的情况下，我们发现，时间 2 时更大的积极体验行为分离预示着时间 3 时抑郁症状水平更高，幸福感水平更低。正如预测的那样，这些关联是由社会联系调节的。
It is now clear that positive emotion leads to enhanced psychological functioning. What is less clear, however, is just why this is so. Drawing on a social-functional perspective, we argue that positive emotional behavior that accurately signals to others the individual's internal state will enhance social connectedness. Positive emotional behavior that does not accurately signal a person's experience—such as a smile that is not felt—may impede social connectedness and, in turn, psychological functioning. This perspective suggests that (a) the degree to which experience and behavior are dissociated during positive emotional episodes, over and above level of positive behavior, should predict worse psychological functioning and (b) the effect of dissociation should be mediated by social connectedness. To test these hypotheses, we conducted a short-term prospective longitudinal study, with a baseline assessment of depressive symptoms and well-being at Time 1. Six months later, at Time 2, we used a novel within-individual laboratory paradigm to measure the degree to which positive emotional behavior was dissociated from (vs. coherent with) a participant's positive emotional experience. We also assessed level of positive behavior and experience. Then, another 6 months later, we assessed social connectedness as a mediator and depressive symptoms and well-being as outcomes at Time 3. Even when controlling for baseline functioning and for level of positive emotion behavior and experience, we found that greater positive experience-behavior dissociation at Time 2 predicted higher levels of depressive symptoms and lower levels of well-being at Time 3. As predicted, these associations were mediated by social connectedness.
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