Adolescent cognitive control, theta oscillations, and social observation.
Adolescent cognitive control, theta oscillations, and social observation.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.04.077
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发表时间：
2019-09
期刊：
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Fox NA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Buzzell GA;Barker TV;Troller-Renfree SV;Bernat EM;Bowers ME;Morales S;Bowman LC;Henderson HA;Pine DS;Fox NA
θ波振荡（4-8赫兹）提供了认知控制的组织原则，允许目标导向的行为。在成人中，内侧额叶皮层（MFC）上的θ波能量是冲突/错误监测的基础，而内侧额叶皮层和侧额叶区域之间的θ波连通性反映了认知控制的补充。然而，先前的工作并没有将运动反应之前和之后发生的θ波反应分开，也没有解释中侧连接如何驱动不同类型的控制行为。Theta在青春期（一个以动机-控制不匹配为特征的发育窗口）中的作用也尚不清楚。众所周知，社会观察会影响动机，这可能是研究青少年θ波动态的一个特别重要的背景。在这里，青少年单独或在社会观察下执行侧卫任务。首先关注非社会背景，我们将认知控制解析为可分离的子过程，说明theta如何指示认知控制的不同组成部分动态地共同工作以产生目标导向的行为。我们分离了运动反应之前和之后的θ波能量，分别确定了冲突监测和错误监测的行为联系。MFC连接在反应之前/之后被分离，并分别与反应性控制和主动控制行为相关。最后，基于与吻侧/尾侧额叶皮质的连接，不同形式的错误后控制被分离。研究发现，社会观察只会上调反映反应后错误监测和主动控制的θ测量，而不是冲突监测和被动控制。将青少年认知控制与θ波振荡联系起来，为人类非侵入性记录和动物模型中神经振荡的机制研究提供了一座桥梁；与社会观察的联系提供了对发生在青春期的动机-控制相互作用的见解。
Theta oscillations (4-8 Hz) provide an organizing principle of cognitive control, allowing goal-directed behavior. In adults, theta power over medial-frontal cortex (MFC) underlies conflict/error monitoring, whereas theta connectivity between MFC and lateral-frontal regions reflects cognitive control recruitment. However, prior work has not separated theta responses that occur before and immediately after a motor response, nor explained how medial-lateral connectivity drives different kinds of control behaviors. Theta’s role during adolescence, a developmental window characterized by a motivation-control mismatch also remains unclear. As social observation is known to influence motivation, this might be a particularly important context for studying adolescent theta dynamics. Here, adolescents performed a flanker task alone or under social observation. Focusing first on the nonsocial context, we parsed cognitive control into dissociable subprocesses, illustrating how theta indexes distinct components of cognitive control working together dynamically to produce goal-directed behavior. We separated theta power immediately before/after motor responses, identifying behavioral links to conflict monitoring and error monitoring, respectively. MFC connectivity was separated before/after responses and behaviorally-linked to reactive and proactive control, respectively. Finally, distinct forms of post-error control were dissociated, based on connectivity with rostral/caudal frontal cortex. Social observation was found to exclusively upregulate theta measures indexing post-response error monitoring and proactive control, as opposed to conflict monitoring and reactive control. Linking adolescent cognitive control to theta oscillations provides a bridge between non-invasive recordings in humans and mechanistic studies of neural oscillations in animal models; links to social observation provide insight into the motivation-control interactions that occur during adolescence.
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
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DOI：
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发表时间：
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影响因子：
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影响因子：
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