Influences of intentional and unintentional forgetting on false memories.

Influences of intentional and unintentional forgetting on false memories.
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有意和无意的遗忘对错误记忆的影响。

DOI:
10.1037/0096-3445.131.1.116
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发表时间:
2002
期刊:
Journal of experimental psychology. General
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
R. Bjork
R. Bjork
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Daniel R. Kimball;R. Bjork

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在两个实验中,我们考察了两种类型的记忆错误的相互作用:遗忘和错误的记忆-遗漏和委员会的错误,分别。我们研究了两种已知抑制学习单词检索的操作-定向遗忘和部分列表提示-对未学习的“关键”单词的错误回忆的影响,随后对其15个最强的联想进行了研究。受试者在学习第二个列表之前,被提示忘记第一个列表,回忆起较少的列表1单词,但比被提示记住两个列表的受试者更频繁地侵入缺失的关键词。相比之下,在回忆过程中提供一些学习过的单词作为线索,减少了对剩余学习过的单词的回忆和对关键词的入侵。结果表明,遗忘可以增加或减少错误记忆,这取决于这种遗忘是否反映了对整个事件的访问受损或事件元素之间的检索竞争。
In 2 experiments, we examined the interplay of 2 types of memory errors: forgetting and false memory--errors of omission and commission, respectively. We examined the effects of 2 manipulations known to inhibit retrieval of studied words--directed forgetting and part-list cuing--on the false recall of an unstudied "critical" word following study of its 15 strongest associates. Participants cued to forget the 1st of 2 studied lists before studying the 2nd recalled fewer List 1 words but intruded the missing critical word more often than did participants cued to remember both lists. By contrast, providing some studied words as cues during recall reduced both recall of the remaining studied words and intrusions of the critical word. The results suggest that forgetting can increase or decrease false memories, depending on whether such forgetting reflects impaired access to an entire episode or retrieval competition among elements of an episode.
患有或不患有创伤后应激障碍的童年性虐待成年幸存者对创伤线索的定向遗忘。
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影响因子: --
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