Ribosomal biosynthesis of α-amanitin in Galerina marginata.
Ribosomal biosynthesis of α-amanitin in Galerina marginata.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.fgb.2011.12.005
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发表时间：
2012-02
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Walton, Jonathan D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Luo, Hong;Len-Adams, Heather E. Hal;Scott-Craig, John S.;Walton, Jonathan D.
鹅膏毒素，包括α-鹅膏毒肽，是在鹅膏菌属、帽盖菌属、鳞皮菌属和锥伞属的某些种类的蘑菇（伞菌纲，伞菌目）中发现的双环八肽。鹅膏毒肽和化学性质相似的鬼笔毒肽在双孢鹅膏、鬼笔鹅膏和厚盖鹅膏的核糖体上合成。为了确定另一种远亲蘑菇是否通过类似机制合成鹅膏蕈毒素，我们从产生α-鹅膏蕈素的边缘盔伞单核分离株中获得了基因组调查序列数据。G. marginata含有两个拷贝的α-鹅膏蕈碱基因（GmAMA 1 -1和GmAMA 1 -2）。对G. marginata（35个氨基酸）与A.除了毒素区域本身（单字母氨基酸代码中的IWGIGCNP）和紧邻上游的氨基酸（N[A/S]TRLP）之外，双孢霉的所有氨基酸序列都是相同的。G. marginata不含除GmAMA 1 -1和GmAMA 1 -2以外的任何相关毒素编码序列。从另外两个产α-鹅膏蕈碱的盔孢菌（G. badipes和G. venenata）与GmAMA 1杂交，而来自非产毒素物种Galerina hybrida的DNA则没有。GmAMA 1基因的表达通过在低碳上生长来诱导。RNASeq证据表明，GmAMA 1的两个拷贝的表达大致相等。脯氨酰寡肽酶（POP）与A. bisporigera和Conocybe apala。G. marginata有两个预测的POP基因，一个是A. bisporigera，仅存在于Galerina的产毒素分离物中，而另一种，如A. bisporigera，存在于所有物种中。结果表明，G.边缘鹅膏菌（Amanita）在核糖体上合成鹅膏毒素的途径与鹅膏菌属（Amanita）相似，包括一个由35个氨基酸组成的前蛋白，该前蛋白由一个POP进行后加工。
Amatoxins, including α-amanitin, are bicyclic octapeptides found in mushrooms (Agaricomycetes, Agaricales) of certain species in the genera Amanita, Galerina, Lepiota, and Conocybe. Amatoxins and the chemically similar phallotoxins are synthesized on ribosomes in Amanita bisporigera, Amanita phalloides, and Amanita ocreata. In order to determine if amatoxins are synthesized by a similar mechanism in another, distantly related mushroom, we obtained genome survey sequence data from a monokaryotic isolate of Galerina marginata, which produces α-amanitin. The genome of G. marginata contains two copies of the α-amanitin gene (GmAMA1-1 and GmAMA1-2). The α-amanitin proprotein sequences of G. marginata (35 amino acids) are highly divergent from AMA1 of A. bisporigera except for the toxin region itself (IWGIGCNP in single-letter amino acid code) and the amino acids immediately upstream (N[A/S]TRLP). G. marginata does not contain any related toxin-encoding sequences besides GmAMA1-1 and GmAMA1-2. DNA from two other α-amanitin-producing isolates of Galerina (G. badipes and G. venenata) hybridized to GmAMA1, whereas DNA from the toxin non-producing species Galerina hybrida did not. Expression of the GmAMA1 genes was induced by growth on low carbon. RNASeq evidence indicates that both copies of GmAMA1 are expressed approximately equally. A prolyl oligopeptidase (POP) is strongly implicated in processing of the cyclic peptide toxins of A. bisporigera and Conocybe apala. G. marginata has two predicted POP genes; one, like AbPOPB of A. bisporigera, is present only in the toxin-producing isolates of Galerina and the other, like AbPOPA of A. bisporigera, is present in all species. Our results indicate that G. marginata biosynthesizes amatoxins on ribosomes by a pathway similar to Amanita species, involving a genetically encoded proprotein of 35 amino acids that is post-translationally processed by a POP. However, due to the high degree of divergence, the evolutionary relationship between AMA1 in the genera Amanita and Galerina is unclear.
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影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Luo, Hong;Hallen-Adams, Heather E.;Walton, Jonathan D.
通讯作者：
Walton, Jonathan D.
影响因子：
3
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Walton, Jonathan D.
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2.8
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