Peptide and lipid modulation of glutamatergic afferent synaptic transmission in the solitary tract nucleus.
Peptide and lipid modulation of glutamatergic afferent synaptic transmission in the solitary tract nucleus.
复制标题
DOI：
10.3389/fnins.2012.00191
复制
发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Hofmann ME
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Andresen MC;Fawley JA;Hofmann ME
孤束脑干核(NTS)是体内稳态反射通路中的第一个中枢神经元。这些动态平衡反射调节和协调从胃肠道到心肺功能的多个器官系统。其中许多通路的核心来自以孤束(ST)形式进入大脑的颅脑内脏传入神经元，其中三分之二以上来自胃肠道系统。约四分之一的ST传入纤维具有有髓轴突，但大多数被归类为无髓C纤维。所有的ST传入神经释放快速神经递质谷氨酸，具有非常相似的、大概率的释放特征。二阶NTS神经元接受的初级传入信息令人惊讶地有限，一个或两个单独的输入汇聚在单个二阶NTS神经元上。在NTS的二级神经元中，A、C纤维传入不混合。许多递质经常通过减少谷氨酸的释放或中断末端去极化来改变基本的谷氨酸能兴奋性突触后电流。因此，ST传递的一个显著特征是外周或前脑(如下丘脑)神经元源共同的多肽的G蛋白偶联受体的突触前表达。突触前受体血管紧张素(AT1)、加压素(V1a)、催产素、阿片(MOR)、生长激素受体(GHSR1)和缩胆囊素分别控制特定神经元亚群的谷氨酸释放，而大多数其他ST传入不受影响。最后，脂质样信号通过两个关键的ST突触前受体传递，瞬时受体电位香草素1型和大麻素受体相反地控制谷氨酸的释放。越来越多的证据表明，外周神经信号机制在中枢终末被重新定位，以控制兴奋，并且是外周和中枢输入，特别是来自下丘脑的信号整合的主要部位。
The brainstem nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) holds the first central neurons in major homeostatic reflex pathways. These homeostatic reflexes regulate and coordinate multiple organ systems from gastrointestinal to cardiopulmonary functions. The core of many of these pathways arise from cranial visceral afferent neurons that enter the brain as the solitary tract (ST) with more than two-thirds arising from the gastrointestinal system. About one quarter of ST afferents have myelinated axons but the majority are classed as unmyelinated C-fibers. All ST afferents release the fast neurotransmitter glutamate with remarkably similar, high-probability release characteristics. Second order NTS neurons receive surprisingly limited primary afferent information with one or two individual inputs converging on single second order NTS neurons. A- and C-fiber afferents never mix at NTS second order neurons. Many transmitters modify the basic glutamatergic excitatory postsynaptic current often by reducing glutamate release or interrupting terminal depolarization. Thus, a distinguishing feature of ST transmission is presynaptic expression of G-protein coupled receptors for peptides common to peripheral or forebrain (e.g., hypothalamus) neuron sources. Presynaptic receptors for angiotensin (AT1), vasopressin (V1a), oxytocin, opioid (MOR), ghrelin (GHSR1), and cholecystokinin differentially control glutamate release on particular subsets of neurons with most other ST afferents unaffected. Lastly, lipid-like signals are transduced by two key ST presynaptic receptors, the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 and the cannabinoid receptor that oppositely control glutamate release. Increasing evidence suggests that peripheral nervous signaling mechanisms are repurposed at central terminals to control excitation and are major sites of signal integration of peripheral and central inputs particularly from the hypothalamus.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
ALTSCHULER, SM;FERENCI, DA;MISELIS, RR
通讯作者：
MISELIS, RR
影响因子：
20.1
作者：
ANDRESEN, MC;KRAUHS, JM;BROWN, AM
通讯作者：
BROWN, AM
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Andresen, MC;Mendelowitz, D
通讯作者：
Mendelowitz, D
影响因子：
7.4
作者：
Amaya, Fumimasa;Shimosato, Goshun;Tanaka, Masaki
通讯作者：
Tanaka, Masaki
DOI：
10.1111/j.1748-1716.1978.tb06048.x
发表时间：
1978-01-01
期刊：
ACTA PHYSIOLOGICA SCANDINAVICA
影响因子：
--
作者：
AARS, H;MYHRE, L;HASWELL, BA
通讯作者：
HASWELL, BA