Transport of Legacy Perfluoroalkyl Substances and the Replacement Compound HFPO-DA through the Atlantic Gateway to the Arctic Ocean-Is the Arctic a Sink or a Source?
Transport of Legacy Perfluoroalkyl Substances and the Replacement Compound HFPO-DA through the Atlantic Gateway to the Arctic Ocean-Is the Arctic a Sink or a Source?
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DOI：
10.1021/acs.est.0c00228
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发表时间：
2020-08-18
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Ebinghaus R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Joerss H;Xie Z;Wagner CC;von Appen WJ;Sunderland EM;Ebinghaus R
2018年夏季，对位于格陵兰岛和斯瓦尔巴群岛之间的弗拉姆海峡内的沿着一条从欧洲到北极的采样样带和两条样带中29种全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质（PFASs）的空间分布进行了调查。首次在北极海水中检测到全氟辛酸（PFOA）的替代化合物六氟环氧丙烷二聚酸（HFPO-DA）。这为该物质向偏远地区的远距离迁移提供了证据。与从北大西洋进入北极的温暖、高盐度水相比，离开北极的寒冷、低盐度地表水中的总PFAS浓度显著富集（260±20 pg/L对190±10 pg/L）。全氟庚酸（PFHpA）全氟壬酸（PFNA）在流出的水从北极的比例较高，表明大气源相比，海洋环流的贡献。弗拉姆海峡东西向剖面包括7个深度剖面，显示表层水的全氟辛烷磺酸浓度高于中层沃茨，侵入深层沃茨（> 1 000米）的情况可以忽略不计。质量迁移估计表明，通过边界流，全氟碳含量≥8的全氟辛烷磺酸净流入，短链同系物净流出。我们推测，这反映了大气来源对北极外流的贡献更大，以及融化的冰雪中长链化合物的保留率更高。
The spatial distribution of 29 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in seawater was investigated along a sampling transect from Europe to the Arctic and two transects within Fram Strait, located between Greenland and Svalbard, in the summer of 2018. Hexafluoropropylene oxide-dimer acid (HFPO-DA), a replacement compound for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), was detected in Arctic seawater for the first time. This provides evidence for its long-range transport to remote areas. The total PFAS concentration was significantly enriched in the cold, low-salinity surface water exiting the Arctic compared to warmer, higher-salinity water from the North Atlantic entering the Arctic (260±20 pg/L versus 190±10 pg/L). The higher ratio of perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA) to perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) in outflowing water from the Arctic suggests a higher contribution of atmospheric sources compared to ocean circulation. An east-west cross section of the Fram Strait, which included seven depth profiles, revealed higher PFAS concentrations in the surface water layer than in intermediate waters and a negligible intrusion into deep waters (>1000 m). Mass transport estimates indicated a net inflow of PFASs with ≥8 perfluorinated carbons via the boundary currents and a net outflow of shorter-chain homologues. We hypothesize that this reflects higher contributions from atmospheric sources to the Arctic outflow and a higher retention of the long-chain compounds in melting snow and ice.
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影响因子：
9.8
作者：
Joerss, Hanna;Apel, Christina;Ebinghaus, Ralf
通讯作者：
Ebinghaus, Ralf
影响因子：
--
作者：
Busch, Jan;Ahrens, Lutz;Ebinghaus, Ralf
通讯作者：
Ebinghaus, Ralf
影响因子：
5.9
作者：
Hollender, Juliane;van Bavel, Bert;Tornero, Victoria
通讯作者：
Tornero, Victoria
影响因子：
11.4
作者：
Maclnnis, John J.;Lehnherr, Igor;De Silva, Amila O.
通讯作者：
De Silva, Amila O.
影响因子：
8.8
作者：
Gebbink, Wouter A.;Bossi, Rossana;Dietz, Rune
通讯作者：
Dietz, Rune