Nationwide assessment of energy costs and policies to limit airborne infection risks in U.S. schools
Nationwide assessment of energy costs and policies to limit airborne infection risks in U.S. schools
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全国范围内的能源成本和政策评估，以限制美国学校的空气传播感染风险
DOI：
10.1016/j.jobe.2021.103533
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发表时间：
2021-10-30
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
He Q
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cai J;Li S;Hu D;Xu Y;He Q
学校正在考虑采取改善通风和空气过滤等措施，以减少导致 2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 大流行的严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 的传播。改善通风可能会显着增加供暖、通风和空调 (HVAC) 的能源成本，加剧学校在数十年来最严重的流行病中面临的财务挑战。本研究评估了美国 111,485 所公立和私立学校降低 COVID-19 空气传播感染风险的 HVAC 能源成本，以支持决策。美国学校将感染风险维持在 1% 以下的每年 HVAC 能源成本估计为每平方米 20.1 美元，如果改善通风和空气过滤，则人均 308.4 美元，其中私立学校的平均成本高于公立学校。采用部分在线学习可以降低成本。研究还发现，PK-5 学校通过加强通风和空气过滤来控制感染风险的额外成本明显低于初中和高中，这表明 PK-5 学校在必要的政府援助下仍有可能保留现场指导。对学校暖通空调能源成本进行分析，以降低不同干预情景下空气传播感染风险，为学校、社区利益相关者和政策制定者提供重要的操作指南、财务影响和政策见解，以确保学校在当前大流行期间的安全，并加强对未来预计流行病的准备。
Practices such as improved ventilation and air filtration are being considered by schools to reduce the transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Improved ventilation may significantly increase the energy cost of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC), exacerbating financial challenges schools face amidst the worst pandemic in decades. This study evaluated HVAC energy costs for reducing COVID-19 airborne infection risks in 111,485 public and private schools in the U.S. to support decision-makings. The average annual HVAC energy cost to maintain the infection risk below 1% for the schools in the U.S. is estimated at $20.1 per square meter or $308.4 per capita with improved ventilation and air filtration, where the private schools have higher costs than the public schools on average. The cost could be reduced by adopting partial online learning. It was also found that additional cost to control infection risk with increased ventilation and air filtration is significantly lower for PK-5 schools than that for middle and high schools, indicating the possibility of remaining in-person instructions for PK-5 schools with necessary governmental assistance. Analyses of school HVAC energy costs to reduce airborne infection risks under different intervention scenarios provide important operational guidelines, financial implications, and policy insights for schools, community stakeholders, and policymakers to keep schools safe during the ongoing pandemic and improve preparedness for epidemics projected in the future.
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影响因子：
56.9
作者：
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