Regenerating Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells to Cure Blindness: A Road Towards Personalized Artificial Tissue.

Regenerating Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells to Cure Blindness: A Road Towards Personalized Artificial Tissue.
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DOI:
10.1007/s40778-015-0014-4
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发表时间:
2015-06
影响因子:
1.4
通讯作者:
Bharti, Kapil
Bharti, Kapil
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Jha, Balendu Shekhar;Bharti, Kapil

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视网膜色素上皮(RPE)是一种极化单层组织,其功能是支持视网膜光感受器(PRs)的健康和完整性。RPE萎缩与年龄相关性黄斑变性(AMD)的发病机制有关,AMD是美国老年人失明的主要原因。AMD的RPE萎缩导致PR细胞死亡和视力丧失。我们认为用健康的RPE组织替代病变的RPE可以预防PR细胞死亡。视网膜手术创新提供了原理性数据证明,自体RPE组织可以替代病变黄斑RPE,并为AMD患者提供视力拯救。目前的工作重点是利用天然和合成支架在体外组织中生成极化功能的RPE单层。在未来,这些组织工程方法与多能干细胞技术相结合,将导致AMD患者个性化和“现成”细胞疗法的发展。本文综述了在外科和体外组织工程技术方面的历史发展和正在进行的努力,以开发三维治疗性天然RPE组织替代品。
Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a polarized monolayer tissue that functions to support the health and integrity of retinal photoreceptors (PRs). RPE atrophy has been linked to pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of blindness in elderly in the USA. RPE atrophy in AMD leads to the PR cell death and vision loss. It is thought that replacing diseased RPE with healthy RPE tissue can prevent PR cell death. Retinal surgical innovations have provided proof-of-principle data that autologous RPE tissue can replace diseased macular RPE and provide visual rescue in AMD patients. Current efforts are focused on developing an in vitro tissue using natural and synthetic scaffolds to generate a polarized functional RPE monolayer. In the future, these tissue-engineering approaches combined with pluripotent stem cell technology will lead to the development of personalized and “off-the-shelf” cell therapies for AMD patients. This review summarizes the historical development and ongoing efforts in surgical and in vitro tissue engineering techniques to develop a three-dimensional therapeutic native RPE tissue substitute.
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