Nanoparticle contrast agents for computed tomography: a focus on micelles.
Nanoparticle contrast agents for computed tomography: a focus on micelles.
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DOI：
10.1002/cmmi.1551
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发表时间：
2014-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Fayad, Zahi A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cormode, David P.;Naha, Pratap C.;Fayad, Zahi A.
计算机断层扫描（CT）是一种基于X射线的全身成像技术，广泛应用于医学。临床批准的CT造影剂是碘化小分子或钡混悬液。在过去的七年中，纳米粒子作为CT造影剂的发展有了很大的增长。纳米颗粒与小分子CT造影剂相比具有几个优点，例如长的血池停留时间，以及细胞跟踪和靶向成像应用的潜力。此外，由于肾功能受损患者和对碘化造影剂过敏的患者群体不断增长，因此需要新型CT造影剂。胶束和脂蛋白，一种胶束相关的纳米颗粒，已经被显著地用作CT造影剂。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了CT成像的原理和CT对比度的产生。我们讨论了非靶向、靶向和细胞追踪纳米CT造影剂的研究进展。我们的特点代理商的基础上胶束和光谱CT结合使用。所需的大剂量造影剂在临床转化之前需要进行仔细的毒理学研究。然而，该领域在过去十年中取得了巨大的进步，我们预计未来十年将取得更多的进步。
Computed tomography (CT) is an X-ray based whole body imaging technique that is widely used in medicine. Clinically approved contrast agents for CT are iodinated small molecules or barium suspensions. Over the past seven years there has been a great increase in the development of nanoparticles as CT contrast agents. Nanoparticles have several advantages over small molecule CT contrast agents, such as long blood-pool residence times, and the potential for cell tracking and targeted imaging applications. Furthermore, there is a need for novel CT contrast agents, due to the growing population of renally impaired patients and patients hypersensitive to iodinated contrast. Micelles and lipoproteins, a micelle-related class of nanoparticle, have notably been adapted as CT contrast agents. In this review we discuss the principles of CT image formation and the generation of CT contrast. We discuss the progress in developing non-targeted, targeted and cell tracking nanoparticle CT contrast agents. We feature agents based on micelles and used in conjunction with spectral CT. The large contrast agent doses needed will necessitate careful toxicology studies prior to clinical translation. However, the field has seen tremendous advances in the past decade and we expect many more advances to come in the next decade.
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