Reinforcement enhances vigilance among children with ADHD: comparisons to typically developing children and to the effects of methylphenidate.
Reinforcement enhances vigilance among children with ADHD: comparisons to typically developing children and to the effects of methylphenidate.
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DOI：
10.1007/s10802-014-9891-8
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发表时间：
2015-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Rosch KS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bubnik MG;Hawk LW Jr;Pelham WE Jr;Waxmonsky JG;Rosch KS
持续注意和强化被认为是注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的因果机制，但它们之间的相互作用却很少得到实证研究。在两项研究中，我们检查了基于表现的强化对9至12岁儿童随着时间的推移持续注意力或警惕性的影响。研究1表明，ADHD儿童（n=25; 12%的女性）与典型发育（TD）对照组（n=33; 22%的女性）在标准连续执行任务（CPT）中的预期警惕性不足。在随后的访问中，强化改善了ADHD儿童的注意力，而不是对照组。研究2检查了强化和急性哌甲酯（MPH）对ADHD儿童CPT表现的单独和联合作用（n=19; 21%女性）。强化和MPH增强整体目标检测和衰减的警惕性下降，发生在无强化，安慰剂条件。交叉研究比较表明，MPH和强化的结合消除了ADHD儿童的警惕性缺陷，使持续注意力正常化。这项工作突出了临床和理论上有趣的交叉强化和持续关注。
Sustained attention and reinforcement are posited as causal mechanisms in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), but their interaction has received little empirical study. In two studies, we examined the impact of performance-based reinforcement on sustained attention over time, or vigilance, among 9- to 12-year-old children. Study 1 demonstrated the expected vigilance deficit among children with ADHD (n=25; 12% female) compared to typically developing (TD) controls (n=33; 22% female) on a standard continuous performance task (CPT). During a subsequent visit, reinforcement improved attention more among children with ADHD than controls. Study 2 examined the separate and combined effects of reinforcement and acute methylphenidate (MPH) on CPT performance in children with ADHD (n=19; 21% female). Both reinforcement and MPH enhanced overall target detection and attenuated the vigilance decrement that occurred in no-reinforcement, placebo condition. Cross-study comparisons suggested that the combination of MPH and reinforcement eliminated the vigilance deficit in children with ADHD, normalizing sustained attention. This work highlights the clinically and theoretically interesting intersection of reinforcement and sustained attention.
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