Functional macrophages and gastrointestinal disorders.

Functional macrophages and gastrointestinal disorders.
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功能性巨噬细胞和胃肠道疾病

DOI:
10.3748/wjg.v24.i11.1181
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发表时间:
2018-03-21
影响因子:
4.3
通讯作者:
Xu JD
Xu JD
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Liu YH;Ding Y;Gao CC;Li LS;Wang YX;Xu JD

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巨噬细胞(MΦ)从血液单核细胞分化而来,参与先天性和适应性免疫。由于MΦ具有识别病原体和激活杀菌活性的能力,因此总是在免疫防御部位被发现。肠道中的 MΦ 是独特的,因此在健康的肠道中,它们具有保护肠道免受炎症的复杂机制。在这些复杂的机制中,它们产生抗炎细胞因子,例如白介素-10和转化生长因子-β,并抑制Toll样受体介导的炎症途径。已证明常驻 MΦ 在维持肠道稳态中发挥着至关重要的作用,并且可以通过其独特的标记来识别它们。然而,在炎症肠道中,MΦ的功能会因环境变化而发生改变,这可能是炎症性肠病(IBD)的发病机制之一。我们在评论中提供了有关这些机制的进一步解释。此外,我们回顾了最近发现的 MΦ 可能参与胃肠道肿瘤的发展。我们将重点介绍 IBD 和胃肠道肿瘤治疗的可能治疗靶点,我们还将讨论为什么需要更多细节来充分了解肠道 MΦ 的所有其他影响。
Macrophages (MΦ) differentiate from blood monocytes and participate in innate and adaptive immunity. Because of their abilities to recognize pathogens and activate bactericidal activities, MΦ are always discovered at the site of immune defense. MΦ in the intestine are unique, such that in the healthy intestine, they possess complex mechanisms to protect the gut from inflammation. In these complex mechanisms, they produce anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-β, and inhibit the inflammatory pathways mediated by Toll-like receptors. It has been demonstrated that resident MΦ play a crucial role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis, and they can be recognized by their unique markers. Nonetheless, in the inflamed intestine, the function of MΦ will change because of environmental variation, which may be one of the mechanisms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We provide further explanation about these mechanisms in our review. In addition, we review recent discoveries that MΦ may be involved in the development of gastrointestinal tumors. We will highlight the possible therapeutic targets for the management of IBD and gastrointestinal tumors, and we also discuss why more details are needed to fully understand all other effects of intestinal MΦ.
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