Hepatitis E virus: animal reservoirs and zoonotic risk.
Hepatitis E virus: animal reservoirs and zoonotic risk.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.03.017
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发表时间：
2010-01-27
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Meng XJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Meng XJ
戊型肝炎病毒（HEV）是一种小的、无包膜的、单链、正义RNA病毒，大小约为7.2kb。HEV被归类于肝炎病毒科，由感染人类和其他动物的四种公认的主要基因型组成。基因型1和2型HEV仅限于人类，并且通常与卫生条件差的发展中国家的大规模爆发和流行病有关，而基因型3和4型HEV感染人类，猪和其他动物物种，并且是发展中国家和工业化国家中散发的戊型肝炎病例的原因。与鸡肝炎-脾肿大综合征相关的禽戊型肝炎病毒在遗传和抗原上与哺乳动物戊型肝炎病毒相关，可能代表该家族中的一个新属。HEV基因组中存在3个开放阅读框：ORF 1编码非结构蛋白，ORF 2编码衣壳蛋白，ORF 3编码一个小的磷蛋白。ORF 2和ORF 3由单个双顺反子mRNA翻译而来，彼此重叠，但都不与ORF 1重叠。由于缺乏有效的细胞培养体系和实用的HEV动物模型，对HEV的复制和致病机制的了解还很有限。最近从猪和鸡中鉴定和鉴定了HEV动物株，并证明了这些动物株跨种属感染的能力，这引起了对人畜共患HEV传播的潜在公共卫生问题。已经证明，来自猪的基因型3和4的HEV株可以感染人，反之亦然。越来越多的证据表明戊型肝炎是一种人畜共患疾病，猪和其他动物可能是戊型肝炎病毒的宿主。目前还没有针对戊型肝炎病毒的疫苗。
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a small, non-enveloped, single-strand, positive-sense RNA virus of approximately 7.2 kb in size. HEV is classified in the family Hepeviridae consisting of four recognized major genotypes that infect humans and other animals. Genotypes 1 and 2 HEV are restricted to humans and often associated with large outbreaks and epidemics in developing countries with poor sanitation conditions, whereas genotypes 3 and 4 HEV infect humans, pigs and other animal species and are responsible for sporadic cases of hepatitis E in both developing and industrialized countries. The avian HEV associated with Hepatitis-Splenomegaly syndrome in chickens is genetically and antigenically related to mammalian HEV, and may represent a new genus in the family. There exist three open reading frames in HEV genome: ORF1 encodes non-structural proteins, ORF2 encodes the capsid protein, and the ORF3 encodes a small phosphoprotein. ORF2 and ORF3 are translated from a single bicistronic mRNA, and overlap each other but neither overlaps ORF1. Due to the lack of an efficient cell culture system and a practical animal model for HEV, the mechanisms of HEV replication and pathogenesis are poorly understood. The recent identification and characterization of animal strains of HEV from pigs and chickens and the demonstrated ability of cross-species infection by these animal strains raise potential public health concerns for zoonotic HEV transmission. It has been shown that the genotypes 3 and 4 HEV strains from pigs can infect humans, and vice versa. Accumulating evidence indicated that hepatitis E is a zoonotic disease, and swine and perhaps other animal species are reservoirs for HEV. A vaccine against HEV is not yet available.
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