Hunter-Gatherer Demography

在这个项目中，调查人员将从巴拉圭印第安人社会的男性和女性那里获取生殖历史，以便将他们的人口统计与其他狩猎采集（觅食）群体的人口统计进行比较。PI希望获得过去几年的出生和死亡数据，以及1971年以来的当地出生和死亡记录。他们还将观察部落成员之间的工作模式和社会关系。指数将分析人口的年龄-性别结构、死亡原因和死亡率、妇女生育率、男子生育率和人口增长率。他们将测试关于部落男性生育权衡的假设，包括食物分享的作用、男女初次结婚的年龄、生育间隔、后代的性别比例、继父母、滥交和配偶分享。他们还将分析人口中杀婴和杀人的原因和后果。这项研究将有助于获得越来越多的关于现代觅食民族的数据，而且由于觅食生活方式的迅速消失，这项研究迫在眉睫。只有在这些数据仍然可用的时候收集这些数据，科学家们才能构建和测试关于人口参数的模型，这些参数直到最近才成为我们祖先的特征。

In this project the investigators will take reproductive histories from men and women of an Indian society in Paraguay, in order to compare their demography with that of other hunter- gatherer (foraging) groups. The PI's hope to get data on the births and deaths in the past few years and access local records on births and deaths since 1971. They will also observe work patterns and social relationships among tribal members. The PI's will analyze the age-sex structure of the population, the causes and rates of mortality, women's fertility, men's fertility, and population growth rates. They will test hypotheses about reproductive tradeoffs among the tribesmen, including the role of food sharing, the age at first marriage for both sexes, the interbirth interval, the sex ratio of offspring, step-parenting, promiscuity and spouse-sharing. They will also analyse the causes and consequences of infanticide and homicide in the population. This research will contribute to the growing body of data on modern foraging peoples and is urgent because of the rapid disappearance of the foraging way of life. Only by collecting such data while it is still available can scientists construct and test models about the demographic parameters that characterized our ancestors until very recently.