Neurochemical Interactions of Co-localized Transmitters in The Inner Ear

内耳共定位递质的神经化学相互作用

• 批准号: 8646563
• 负责人: Douglas Hoffman
• 金额: $ 9.85万
• 依托单位: Dartmouth College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1987
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1987-09-01 至 1990-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=8646563&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Neurochemical; Interactions; Co; localized; Transmitters

This action is to recommend funding for three years to study neurotransmitters in the ear. Cells in the nervous system make functional connections called synapses; a biochemical compound used to transmit information across a synapse is called a neurotransmitter. The synthesis, release, uptake and turnover of neurotransmitters play key roles in information processing; the regulation of these steps by other compounds thus modulate the information transfer. Not much is known about the neurotransmitters or neuromodulators in the inner ear, and this organ provides a model system with several neuroactive substances to study their possible interactions. This project will quantify the neurochemical interactions within the cochlea of the inner ear. The cochlea contains the auditory receptor cells which synapse on fibers of the auditory nerve that carry signals to the brain; in addition, there are fibers called efferents that carry signals from certain central brain regions out to the cochlea. The efferent pathway apparently acts to modulate the sensory transmission coming in to the auditory pathway. The auditory transmitter release may be affected, or the molecular receptor sites on the auditory nerve terminals may be affected by neuromodulators released from the efferent terminals. Thus this first synapse in the auditory pathway can be considered a "multitransmitter" synapse. The bony shell containing the cochlea and nerve will be used in situ as a perfusion chamber to study the release, degredation and receptor interactions of two major classes of neuromodulator candidates: the opioid peptides and acetylcholine. Liquid chromatography, radioimmune assays and radioreceptor assays will unambiguously identify and quantify the neuroactive substances sampled from the cochlear tissues. To study mechanisms of possible co- transmission, perfusion of this space will be used to collect neuroactive substances in response to stimulation, and to infuse specific substances that have known agonist or antagonist actions at the synaptic receptor sites. The Program in Sensory Physiology & Perception recommends funding this project because it uses a cleaver, novel preparation to clarify the biochemical mechanisms involved in the auditory system, and the principles elucidated are likely to be applicable to other interactions of neurotransmitters elsewhere in the brain.

这一行动是为了建议三年的资金来研究 耳朵里的神经递质 神经系统中的细胞 称为突触的功能性连接;一种生化化合物 用于在突触间传递信息的神经元称为 神经传递素 的合成、释放、吸收和周转 神经递质在信息处理中起着关键作用; 通过其它化合物调节这些步骤从而调节 信息传递 关于这一点，我们所知甚少。 内耳中的神经递质或神经调质， 器官提供了具有几种神经活性物质的模型系统 来研究它们之间可能的互动 这个项目将量化神经化学的相互作用， 内耳的耳蜗。 耳蜗包含听觉 在听觉神经纤维上形成突触的感受器细胞， 将信号传递到大脑;此外，还有一种叫做 传递来自某些中央大脑区域的信号的传出神经 到耳蜗。 传出通路显然起作用， 调节传入听觉的感觉传递 通路 听觉传递器的释放可能受到影响，或 听觉神经末梢上的分子受体位点可以 受到传出神经释放的神经调质的影响 terminals. 因此，听觉通路中的第一个突触可以 被认为是“多递质”突触。 骨质外壳 包含耳蜗和神经的将被原位用作 灌流室，以研究释放、降解和受体 两种主要类别的神经调节剂候选物的相互作用： 阿片肽和乙酰胆碱 液相色谱法， 放射免疫测定和放射受体测定将明确地 识别和量化从神经系统中采样的神经活性物质 耳蜗组织 为了研究可能的共同作用机制， 传输，灌注这个空间将被用来收集 神经活性物质对刺激的反应， 已知具有激动剂或拮抗剂作用的特定物质 在突触受体部位。 感官生理感知计划建议资助 这个项目是因为它使用了一种新的制备方法， 阐明了参与听觉的生化机制， 系统，阐明的原则可能适用 其他神经递质的相互作用 个脑袋