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The Construction, Selection and Content of Scientific Theories

科学理论的构建、选择和内容

基本信息

批准号：
8705469
负责人：
James Cushing
金额：
$ 2.5万
依托单位：
University of Notre Dame
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
1987
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
1987-09-01 至 1988-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=8705469&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Construction Selection Content Scientific Theories

项目摘要

Professor Cushing, with support from the National Science Foundation, has been working over the past several years on extensive, philosophically oriented case studies of episodes in contemporary physics. With this grant, he will use these case studies as part of his investigation of the construction, selection and content of scientific theories. The theory which he is developing will occupy a kind of middle ground between the overly rational reconstructions of "logicists" and the overly anti-rational reconstructions of some sociologists of knowledge. His model will be "naturalized" in that it is based upon a detailed examination of the actual historical record of current, real scientific practice which will provide the 'data' to which the methods of science are applied in studying the scientific enterprise itself; "socialized" in that it takes cognizance of 'external' social and individual factors in the construction and justification of scientific theories; "highly constrained" in that it recognizes and examines in detail the not uniquely determining 'internal' and often strongly compelling logic of a theoretical framework once that framework has been even tentatively accepted for development and testing. This work will be an important and highly useful contribution to the ongoing discussion of the philosophical problem of epistemic support for human knowledge claims, most especially for such claims about science.

库欣教授在国家科学基金会的支持下基金会，在过去几年中一直致力于广泛的，以医疗为导向的案例研究，当代物理学有了这笔资金，他将利用这些案件作为他对建筑的调查的一部分，科学理论的内容。他的理论发展将占据一种中间地带，对"逻辑学家"的理性重建和过度反理性的一些社会学家对知识的重建。他的模型将是 “归化”，因为它是基于一个详细的检查，当前真实的科学实践的真实历史记录，将为科学方法的应用提供“数据” 在研究科学事业本身;“社会化”，因为它认识到"外部"的社会和个人因素，科学理论的建构和论证;"高度约束"，因为它认识到并详细审查了不独特的决定性的“内部”逻辑，通常是强有力的逻辑一旦理论框架被平衡，暂时接受开发和测试。这项工作将对正在进行的讨论作出了重要和非常有益的贡献，对人类知识的认识论支持的哲学问题这些说法，尤其是关于科学的说法。