Applications of Bargaining and Game Theory to Political Philosophy

该项目的目的是开发模型，在这些模型中，对政治哲学问题突出的信息可以表示并纳入正式理论。讨价还价理论、合作博弈论和非合作博弈论中的各种公理方法被采用和使用，以严格推导出不同政治哲学对经济政策的影响。该项目开发了用于模拟分配正义问题的新工具。这些工具更好地捕捉了我们对分配正义和相关伦理问题的直觉，因为它们包括关于财产权和满足各种需求和欲望的实物分配的信息。以往的社会选择模型只关注效用的分配，并从经济环境的特征中抽象出来。这一形式化理论被发展并应用于实际的资源分配问题。例如，假设世界卫生组织等国际组织将其有限资源的分配作为其目标，以便使所有国家都有机会改善其婴儿死亡率。符合基本正义原则的资源在各国之间的分配可以严格地从这一理论中得出。

The aim of the project is to develop models in which the information which is salient for problems of political philosophy can be represented and incorporated into a formal theory. Various axiomatic approaches in bargaining theory, cooperative game theory, and non-cooperative game theory are adapted and used to rigorously derive implications for economic policy of different political philosophies. The project develops new tools for modelling problems of distributive justice. These tools do a better job of capturing our intuitions about distributive justice and related ethical questions because they include information about property rights and about the distribution of physical objects which fulfill various needs and desires. Past models of social choice focus only on the distribution of utilities and abstract from the characteristics of economic environments. This formal theory is developed and applied to actual resource allocation problems. For example, suppose an international organization such as the World Health Organization takes as its objective to distribute its limited resources in such a way as to equalize the opportunities that all countries have to achieve an improvement in their rates of infant mortality. The distribution of resources across countries consistent with fundamental principles of justice can be rigorously derived from this theory.