China and America Air/Sea Experiments

中美海空实验

• 批准号: 8711324
• 负责人: Richard Arimoto
• 金额: $ 30万
• 依托单位: University of Rhode Island
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1987
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1987-09-01 至 1991-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=8711324&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: China; America; Air; Sea; Experiments

There is growing awareness that atmospheric transport delivers geochemically significant quantities of trace substances to the remote atmosphere and to inland waters, coastal waters of various regions and the open ocean. Interest in the atmospheric transport and deposition of trace substances has increased significantly in the past 10 to 20 years in part because this pathway is now recognized as an important means for dispersing chemical contaminants throughout the environment. The natural biogeochemical cycles of a variety of trace substances have, in fact, been altered by air pollutants in various regions, but the composition of gases and particles in the atmosphere of the People's Republic of China is unique. This uniqueness is a result of material derived from anthropogenic sources as well as those from naturally occurring sources. The major source of air pollutants in China is the combustion of coal and intense agricultural development in China. Naturally occurring trace substances, including mineral dust particles, are important components of the atmosphere, and chemical reactions between naturally occurring and anthropogenic materials are now known to be important. High concentrations of atmospheric dust occur in China during the spring and early summer due to the eolian transport of mineral particles from arid regions in central and western China. Understanding the chemistry, atmospheric transport, and air/sea exchange of Asia dust is an important biogeochemical research issue. The objectives for the cooperative atmospheric and ocean science studies between the U.S. and China are: (1) to characterize the chemical composition of aerosol particles and rainwater from Asian and determine the areal and temporal variability in the concentrations of mineral aerosol, trace elements, nitrate, phosphate, and sulfate; (2) to determine the integrated atmospheric deposition rates of these substances to coastal waters; (3) to evaluate the extent to which anthropogenic emissions from China, particularly those that result from the combustion of coal, affect the chemistry of the atmosphere and waters of the western North Pacific; and (4) to identify probable source areas for mineral dust through meteorological analyses. The concentrations of selected trace elements (Al, As, Br, Ca, Cd, Cl, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, I, Mn, Na, Pb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sn, Th, V, and Zn) will be determined in aerosol particle samples and atmospheric deposition samples from the near surface troposphere at three sites along the coast of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and at one site in the Central Loess Plateau in China. The concentrations of sulfate, nitrate, and phosphate also will be determined in aliquots of the samples by scientists from China and verified by analyses in the U.S.

人们越来越认识到，大气层的迁移 地球化学上大量的微量物质， 大气层和内陆沃茨、各区域的沿海沃茨以及 开阔的海洋 对痕量元素大气迁移和沉积的兴趣 在过去的10到20年里， 因为这条途径现在被认为是一种重要的手段， 将化学污染物散布到整个环境中。 自然 事实上，各种痕量物质的地球化学循环已经被 改变了空气污染物在各个地区，但气体的成分 中华人民共和国大气中的颗粒物是 独特. 这种独特性是材料来源于 人为来源以及自然发生的来源。 中国空气污染物的主要来源是燃煤， 中国农业的发展。 自然发生的痕迹 物质，包括矿物粉尘颗粒，是 大气层，以及自然发生的化学反应， 人类活动的物质现在已被认为是重要的。 高 中国的大气粉尘浓度在春季出现， 初夏由于风成运输的矿物颗粒从干旱 中国中西部地区。 了解化学， 亚洲沙尘的大气输送和海气交换是一个重要的 地球化学研究问题。 大气和海洋科学合作的目标 美国和中国之间的研究是：（1）表征化学品 气溶胶粒子和雨水的组成，并确定 矿物含量的地域和时间变化 气溶胶、微量元素、硝酸盐、磷酸盐和硫酸盐;（2）测定 这些物质向沿海地区的综合大气沉降率 沃茨;（3）评估人为排放的程度， 中国，特别是那些因燃烧煤炭而产生的影响， 西北太平洋大气和沃茨的化学; （4）通过以下方法确定矿尘的可能源区 气象分析。 所选微量元素的浓度 (Al As、Br、Ca、Cd、Cl、Co、Cr、Cu、Fe、I、Mn、Na、Pb、Sb、Sc、Se、Sn， Th、V和Zn）将在气溶胶颗粒样品中测定， 三点近地面对流层的大气沉积样本 中华人民共和国（PRC）沿海沿着和一个 位于中国黄土高原中部。 的浓度 硫酸盐，硝酸盐和磷酸盐也将在等分试样中测定。 中国科学家的样本，并在美国进行了分析验证。