The Language of Dispute Managment in the Kingdom of Tonga

汤加王国的争端管理语言

• 批准号: 8711753
• 负责人: Susan Philips
• 金额: $ 12.04万
• 依托单位: University of Arizona
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1987
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1987-07-15 至 1990-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=8711753&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Language; Dispute; Managment; Kingdom; Tonga

Abstract Narrative Language can be studied from a variety of perspectives: as a formal object, as a cognitive capacity, as a cultural artifact, as a medium of social interaction. The project proposed here falls into the latter category. As a study in what has been called the ethnography of communication, the research proposed here is based on the premise that the expla- nation of the forms, and form-meaning relations, that language takes on in actual usage is to be found in the social uses to which the language is being put. The study focuses on one category of language use, dispute management, which has received considerable attention already from ethnographers of communication, and therefore is the topic of a growing theoretical framework to which this study will be related. The new dimension which the proposed study will pro- vide is examination of linguistic usage in a language and a culture fundamentally different in salient respects from the western cultures in which much of the previous research on this topic has taken place. The locale of the research will be Tonga, an island nation in the southwest Pacific with a Poly- nesian language and culture. Tonga has a mixture of western and indigenous institutions for formal resolution of disputes, including the court, the fono or town meeting, and the church. The Tongan language includes universal patterns such as inter- rogatives and quotations, and also locally specific patterns such as distinct speech levels depending on the social status of the interlocutors and the person being talked about, and these are used to definite rhetorical effect in complex inter- active ways in the dispute management process. The focus of the project will be to understand, describe, and explain these linguistic patterns in terms of the social settings in which they are used. The Principal Investigator is a leading anthropological linguist who has made a number of important contributions throughout her career to the ethnography of communication. For the past few years she has been focusing her attention on the uses of language in legal settings. The project proposed here thus builds in a natural way on her ongoing research.

抽象叙事 语言可以从不同的角度进行研究： 作为一个正式的对象，作为一种认知能力，作为一种文化 人工制品，作为社会互动的媒介。 项目 这里提出的福尔斯属于后一类。 作为一项研究， 所谓的交流民族志， 这里提出的研究是基于这样的前提下，解释- 形式的民族，以及形式与意义的关系， 在实际使用中的作用是在社会用途中找到， 这是语言的表达方式。 本文的研究对象是语言使用中的一个范畴--争议 管理，这已经引起了相当大的关注 从传播的民族志学家，因此是主题 本研究将遵循一个不断发展的理论框架 相关. 新的层面，拟议的研究将pro- Vide是对一种语言和一种语言中的语言用法的检查 文化在显著方面与 在西方文化中，以前对这一问题的研究 话题发生了。 研究地点将是 汤加是太平洋西南部的一个岛国， 尼西亚语言和文化。 汤加混合了西方的 和土著机构正式解决争端， 包括法院、fono或城镇会议和教会。 汤加语包括普遍的模式，如间- 以及当地特有的模式 例如根据社会地位不同的言语水平 对话者和被谈论的人，以及 这些都是用来确定修辞效果在复杂的国际， 在纠纷处理过程中发挥积极作用。 的焦点 这个项目将理解、描述和解释这些 社会环境中的语言模式， 它们被使用。 首席研究员是一位领先的人类学家， 他是一位语言学家， 在她的整个职业生涯中，她一直致力于传播的民族志。 为 在过去的几年里，她一直专注于 在法律的场合中使用语言。 这里提出的项目 从而以自然的方式建立在她正在进行的研究之上。