TrustVote: Dispute-resolution mechanisms and systems for Private and Verifiable Voting

在保持选举公正性和增加选民信心的同时进行选举是一项挑战。最近的例子表明，传统和在线投票系统都没有足够的弹性来实现这一目标，例如2022年尼日利亚选举（例如，投票开始较晚，投票篡改指控和投票设备的技术问题），2020年美国总统大选（例如，未经证实的说法和选民对投票设备腐败的不信任以及对选举完整性的怀疑），2019年莫斯科选举（例如，加密问题），以及2011-2013年挪威选举(例如，软件错误，选民投票两次（在线和亲自）。2020年，欧盟通过法律实现民主委员会在其CDL-AD(2020)025-e报告中强调，解决争议是成功选举的基本要求。他们的重点是概述在投票站出现的各种争端和处理申诉的法律机制。2022年英国保守党领导人选举（使用在线投票）和英国下议院的分歧提出了以前没有解决的有趣挑战。该项目将通过将争议、争议证据的类型和时间正式化，并引入定义以准确模拟这些争议及其背景，为现实世界中的投票争议解决奠定基础。此外，它将提出新的争端解决机制，以彻底解决或减轻这些争端。对争议解决的研究一直不发达，因为很少有已知的或被认为能够满足争议解决的投票协议。该项目将增强现有的学术协议（例如，Helios, Belenios, Selene, JCJ/Civitas）和现实世界的系统（例如，ElectionGuard, Swiss Postal Voting），以满足争议解决。为了确保我们分析的可信度，我们将在适当的地方为新机制和更新的协议和系统提供机器检查的证明保证。

Running elections is challenging while maintaining election integrity and increased voter confidence. Recent examples have shown that both traditional and online voting systems are not sufficient resilient to achieve this, e.g. 2022 Nigeria election (e.g., voting starting late, accusations of vote tampering, and technical issues with the voting devices), 2020 US presidential election (e.g., unsubstantiated claims and voter mistrust over voting device corruption and doubts over election integrity), 2019 Moscow election (e.g., cryptographic issues), and 2011-2013 Norway elections (e.g., software inaccuracies, voters voting twice - online and in-person).In 2020 the European Commission for democracy through law has highlighted in their CDL-AD(2020)025-e report that dispute-resolution is an essential requirement for successful elections. Their focus has been on providing an overview of the types of disputes that appear in polling stations and the legal mechanisms to handle complaints. The 2022 UK Tory leadership election (that used online voting) and the UK House of Commons divisions raise interesting challenges that have not been previously addressed. This project will build the foundations for real-world dispute-resolution in voting by formalizing disputes, types and timing of dispute evidence, and introducing definitions to accurately model those disputes and their context. Moreover, it will propose novel dispute-resolution mechanisms to completely solve or mitigate those disputes. Research into dispute-resolution has been so underdeveloped, as there are few voting protocols that are known or believed to satisfy dispute-resolution. The project will enhance existing academic protocols (e.g., Helios, Belenios, Selene, JCJ/Civitas) and real-world systems (e.g., ElectionGuard, Swiss Postal Voting) to satisfy dispute-resolution. To ensure the confidence in our analysis, we'll provide where appropriate machine-checked proof guarantees for the novel mechanisms and updated protocols and systems.